Monthly Archives: August 2024

　　The amino acid sequence analysis of protein polypeptide chain, that is, the determination of protein primary structure, mainly includes the following steps:Therefore, this is the choice inhibitors The reason, there is no denying its positive impact. https://www.all-chemistry.com/

　　1. separating and purifying protein to obtain a certain amount of pure protein;

　　2. Take a certain amount of samples for complete hydrolysis, and then determine the amino acid composition of protein;

　　3. Analyze the N- terminal and C- terminal amino acids of protein;

　　4. Treating protein into several peptide segments by using specific enzymes (such as chymotrypsin) or chemical reagents (such as hydrogen bromide);

　　5. separating and purifying a single peptide segment;

　　The amino acid sequence of each peptide was determined. Edman degradation method is generally used, and phenyl isothiocyanate is used to react, and amino acids are degraded and determined one by one.

　　7. Treating protein with at least two different methods to obtain the amino acid sequence of its peptide;

　　8. Compare the amino acid sequences of two different peptide groups to obtain the complete amino acid sequence of protein molecule.

　　Protein is a substance with a certain spatial structure, which is formed by the zigzag folding of polypeptide chains composed of amino acids in the form of dehydration and condensation. Protein must contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.Under people’s attention recombinant proteins Finally grow into what people need, born for the market and come for the demand. https://www.alphalifetech.com/

　　Protein is a polymer compound composed of α -amino acids combined in a certain order to form a polypeptide chain, and then one or more polypeptide chains are combined in a specific way. Protein is the scaffold and main substance that constitutes human tissues and organs, and plays an important role in human life activities. It can be said that there would be no life activities without protein.

　　Number of atoms

　　A protein molecule consisting of m amino acids and n peptide chains contains at least n-！COOH, at least n-！NH2, m-n peptide bonds and m+n O atoms.

　　molecular mass

　　Let the average relative molecular mass of amino acids be A and the relative molecular mass of protein be Ma-18 (m-n).

　　Gene control

　　Nucleotide 6 in the gene

　　Nucleotide 3 in messenger RNA

　　Amino acid 1 in protein

　　The reason why people live tired, is not fit the shelf, tear can not open face, untied plot (the reason is very simple)In some cases, pu-erh tea The advantages will become more and more obvious, and it will be able to develop indomitable after market tests.

　　Your life needs to understand the stand in their own position, not everyone is in line with your appetite; standing in other positions, you can also to all the appetite? (Tolerance of others)

　　People who can simplify complex problems are talented people, and it is silly to complicate simple problems. (People are often willing to be a fool)

　　A woman most admired men talented, most hated men are too stingy, most afraid of men do not live up to expectations. (Men afraid of the old woman angry)

　　Itching sometimes worse than pain, hate is often easier than love (paradox of life)

　　The opportunity for everyone is equal, you can not shoot the chance, but the opportunity comes when you can not do without bullets (doing business is to do this)

　　Love is like a smallpox, and each of us has to go through it once, and, as with smallpox, we will only get once in a lifetime. You never have to worry about getting a second time.

　　Ancient love stories and more contemporary love accident (different times).

　　A person who does not make mistakes usually can not accomplish anything, and there are no shortcomings, often with little merit (Lincoln’s experience).

　　Businessmen are “people who can talk,” businessmen are “people who can give birth to ideas.” (Alternative explanation)

　　There are seven virtues: First, do not get the ax, the second is not to interrupt other words, the third is not anxious for success, four questions should be targeted, five answers to meet the reasonable, six is to have a beginning and end, seven is to Based on reality. (Ancient Jewish Proverbs).

　　Unit to work overtime every day; home never stick; mobile phone home to close; SMS reading on the delete; go to bed snoring shaking; underwear often wear back. (With an affair of the six symptoms).

　　Do what you think can not do (how much heart, how far the road).

　　The heart is a two-bedroom house, one is suffering, one is happy. People can not laugh too loud, or laughter will wake up next to the pain. (To avoid very happy).

　　If you marry a wise and virtuous wife, you will be happy; if you marry a frivolous bitch, you will become a philosopher. (Marriage useful).

　　Can not tell, can not cry, is the most bitter (life reflected).

　　Where to fall, just lie down (some pessimists).

　　The real question is not whether the spouse is the best person, but whether you are trying to be the best person for your spouse (the Happy Marriage Bible).

　　The only advantage of telling the truth is that you do not have to remember what you said (Quotations User).

　　You can offend busy people, because they do not have time to care about you; you must not offend idlers, because they have time to deal with you. (Do not offend idlers).

　　If you can not change your face, then you change your face (not beautiful, it can be very cute).

　　Than bathing, washing the sauna is more important is the brainwashing, bath does not wash will be distributed odor, brain wash will be eliminated by the times (we often forget this).

　　Do not believe your memories, the person inside, not necessarily the same miss you (with memories of the road, rather than holding the memories of life).

　　There should be a better way to start a new day than waking up every morning (office worker philosopher).

　　Toad want to eat swan, good kind, small things with ambition (to educate the next generation).

　　Rich does not have much, but less luxury. (New view of wealth).

　　Enzymes involved in the process of DNA replication, transcription and translation, reverse transcription and reverse transcriptase, the principle of base pairing, the characteristics of genetic code, the interference of protein synthesis, and genes are hot topics in the examination, but the content is scattered.The above conclusions show that Chemical Custom synthesis To a great extent, it can bring new vitality to the market and make the industry develop well. https://www.all-chemistry.com/

　　In the process of DNA replication, telomere and telomerase are common test sites. Telomerase is an enzyme composed of RNA and protein. The linear DNA end of chromosome can be shortened at the end of replication, but this end shortening can be compensated by template-independent replication of telomere.

　　In the process of telomere synthesis, provided by Chinese medicine, science, website and station, telomerase uses its own RNA as a template to synthesize complementary chains, so telomerase can be regarded as a special reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcription and reverse transcriptase. The similarities and differences between replication and transcription can be seen from the comparison that both DNA replication and RNA transcription follow the principle of base pairing and are in opposite directions. The characteristics of genetic code are the focus of the exam, so everyone should pay attention to memory.

　　The structure of protein molecule determines its properties.So, recombinant proteins On the contrary, there is still a lot of room to play. https://www.alphalifetech.com/

　　Being bisexual.

　　There are amino groups and carboxyl groups in protein molecules, so protein is an amphoteric substance similar to amino acids.

　　2. Hydrolysis reaction can occur.

　　Protein undergoes hydrolysis reaction under the action of acid, alkali or enzyme, and finally a variety of α -amino acids are obtained through polypeptide.

　　When protein hydrolyzes, we should find the “breaking point” of the bond in the structure, and the peptide bond will be partially or completely broken during hydrolysis.

　　3. Having the property of colloid.

　　Some protein can be dissolved in water (for example, egg white can be dissolved in water) to form a solution. When the molecular diameter of protein reaches the size of colloidal particles (10-9 ~ 10-7m), protein has colloidal properties.

　　The precipitation of protein.

　　A small amount of salt (such as ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate, etc.) can promote the dissolution of protein. If a concentrated inorganic salt solution is added to protein aqueous solution, the solubility of protein will be reduced, and it will precipitate out of the solution, which is called salting out.

　　Reason: Adding high concentration of neutral salts, organic solvents, heavy metals, alkaloids or acids and thermal denaturation reduced the solubility of protein.

　　Protein precipitated by salt can still be dissolved in water without affecting the original properties of protein, so salting-out is a reversible process. Using this property, protein can be separated and purified by staged salting-out.

　　The reason why people live tired, is not fit the shelf, tear can not open face, untied plot (the reason is very simple)This is due to pu-erh tea Its value attribute is relatively large, and it is easy to become the backbone of the industry.

　　Your life needs to understand the stand in their own position, not everyone is in line with your appetite; standing in other positions, you can also to all the appetite? (Tolerance of others)

　　People who can simplify complex problems are talented people, and it is silly to complicate simple problems. (People are often willing to be a fool)

　　A woman most admired men talented, most hated men are too stingy, most afraid of men do not live up to expectations. (Men afraid of the old woman angry)

　　Itching sometimes worse than pain, hate is often easier than love (paradox of life)

　　The opportunity for everyone is equal, you can not shoot the chance, but the opportunity comes when you can not do without bullets (doing business is to do this)

　　Love is like a smallpox, and each of us has to go through it once, and, as with smallpox, we will only get once in a lifetime. You never have to worry about getting a second time.

　　Ancient love stories and more contemporary love accident (different times).

　　A person who does not make mistakes usually can not accomplish anything, and there are no shortcomings, often with little merit (Lincoln’s experience).

　　Businessmen are “people who can talk,” businessmen are “people who can give birth to ideas.” (Alternative explanation)

　　There are seven virtues: First, do not get the ax, the second is not to interrupt other words, the third is not anxious for success, four questions should be targeted, five answers to meet the reasonable, six is to have a beginning and end, seven is to Based on reality. (Ancient Jewish Proverbs).

　　Unit to work overtime every day; home never stick; mobile phone home to close; SMS reading on the delete; go to bed snoring shaking; underwear often wear back. (With an affair of the six symptoms).

　　Do what you think can not do (how much heart, how far the road).

　　The heart is a two-bedroom house, one is suffering, one is happy. People can not laugh too loud, or laughter will wake up next to the pain. (To avoid very happy).

　　If you marry a wise and virtuous wife, you will be happy; if you marry a frivolous bitch, you will become a philosopher. (Marriage useful).

　　Can not tell, can not cry, is the most bitter (life reflected).

　　Where to fall, just lie down (some pessimists).

　　The real question is not whether the spouse is the best person, but whether you are trying to be the best person for your spouse (the Happy Marriage Bible).

　　The only advantage of telling the truth is that you do not have to remember what you said (Quotations User).

　　You can offend busy people, because they do not have time to care about you; you must not offend idlers, because they have time to deal with you. (Do not offend idlers).

　　If you can not change your face, then you change your face (not beautiful, it can be very cute).

　　Than bathing, washing the sauna is more important is the brainwashing, bath does not wash will be distributed odor, brain wash will be eliminated by the times (we often forget this).

　　Do not believe your memories, the person inside, not necessarily the same miss you (with memories of the road, rather than holding the memories of life).

　　There should be a better way to start a new day than waking up every morning (office worker philosopher).

　　Toad want to eat swan, good kind, small things with ambition (to educate the next generation).

　　Rich does not have much, but less luxury. (New view of wealth).

　　Focus on glycolysis, aerobic oxidation of sugar, pentose phosphate bypass, gluconeogenesis, synthesis of ketone bodies, cholesterol and phospholipids, respiratory chain, oxidative phosphorylation, special amino acid metabolites, one carbon unit metabolism, purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis raw materials and catabolites, and substance metabolism.To some extent, inhibitors Our development has surpassed many peer businesses, but it has never stopped moving forward. https://www.all-chemistry.com/

　　The chapter on sugar metabolism is the focus of the exam, so we should master it comprehensively. The chemical reaction formula of sugar metabolism is complicated, and the focus of the annual examination is basically on the reaction site, key enzymes and regulation, energy production and the relationship between important substances. Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and aerobic oxidation of sugar are all contents that must be familiar with. The synthesis of ketone bodies and cholesterol in lipid metabolism, pay attention to the difference between them. Ketones are synthesized in the liver and utilized outside the liver, while fats are synthesized in the liver and stored outside the liver. Fat synthesis, ketone body synthesis and cholesterol synthesis are the raw materials of acetyl-CoA synthesis. Synthesis and decomposition of fatty acid, the main material of fatty acid synthesis is acetyl CoA; Under the condition of sufficient oxygen supply, fatty acid is decomposed into CO2 and water in the body, releasing a lot of energy, which is the main form of fatty acid catabolism in the body. Phospholipid synthesis. Differentiation of several blood lipids.

　　Composition of respiratory chain and influencing factors of oxidative phosphorylation. Urea synthesis-ornithine cycle. One carbon unit’s metabolism is often tested, but it is easy to remember as long as you grasp the core content. It comes from one carbon unit-Sisegan, and is transported by one carbon unit-tetrahydrofolate. One carbon unit plays an important role in nucleic acid biosynthesis as a raw material for purine and pyrimidine synthesis, connecting amino acids and nucleotides. Comparison of nucleotide synthesis and decomposition between purine and pyrimidine. The changes in this year’s syllabus are: the deamination of amino acids (oxidative deamination, transamination and combined deamination) is changed to the general metabolism of amino acids (degradation of protein in vivo, oxidative deamination, transamination and combined deamination), which should be reviewed.

　　Most protein is like a jumble of atoms packed together. But a closer look reveals that protein has a complex structure organized according to a certain level (below). The first level of this hierarchy, called primary structure, is the amino acid sequence that constitutes the protein chain. Some fragments in protein chains tend to fold into simple shapes, such as helix or loop, and so on. These fragments are called secondary elements, and the complete works of these secondary elements constitute the second level of protein’s structural hierarchy, namely the secondary structure.In some cases, Antibody Phage Display Service The advantages will become more and more obvious, and it will be able to develop indomitable after market tests. https://www.alphalifetech.com/

　　The secondary structural unit is local, except for the ring, the other segments basically travel along the axis direction of the protein chain. The whole chain of protein tends to be further folded into a compact structure in three-dimensional space, which is called tertiary structure, which is the third level in protein’s structural hierarchy. The tertiary structure is the most stable form of protein, because it optimizes the attraction between amino acids at different positions in the protein chain. Moreover, the tertiary structure is also a biologically active form of protein. If this form is destroyed, protein will lose some or all of its functions. Therefore, this biologically active form is usually called protein’s native structure.

　　The above three structural levels exist in all protein, although there will be “classical rules” that deviate from the formation of the three-level structure in some protein. For example, fibrous protein tends to form an extended structure, which only involves the arrangement of secondary structural units, but lacks various features of complex three-dimensional folding. Other protein even developed the above tendency to the extreme: they may not have a regular structure, at least for a while.

　　Life is a fleeting moment in the river of time, mankind do everything possible to seek forever and everlasting, but did not think, in fact, as long as the pace of their own slow down mentality flat, live in the present, then life will naturally become long and distant .From the demand side, pu-erh tea More in line with the psychological expectations of consumers, willing to pay for the things they like.

　　When I did not write a magazine before, I did not know that the time had come in advance. A draft of March or even April has been prepared in January. In the draft of the forum while watching the side gripped, his year has not yet ended, did not make a point, there people work has been a year, almost equal to the end. Years here, was actually can not wait to catch up with the speed of flight, how to make people panic?

　　The length of time is defined by man himself. 365 days a year, divided into four seasons, twelve months. Here, people always catch up with me like the game, to see who can one day into a day. Our ancestors know, if the decade into a year, we will so impatient it?

　　Days not used, can only be used to recover. Self has no intention to enter this door, it fell into such a turbulent swirl. Calendars and clocks on the numbers can only represent the past, because today to do, is already the future. Obviously is the spring, but the men have been doing non-stop fall thing.

　　There is nothing worthy of gratification, no reason for youth just a short length of a bit like others. What is the use of walking in front, time falls behind, urging the old soul and face it in vain.

　　The fast pace of modern people, nothing more than to speed up the clock of life, their own pressure and persecution of a way, only to more fully squeeze the juice of life to obtain value and fame. But I see it is faster and more leave no room for the consumption and flight. How, a ton of gold can be exchanged for even a second time?

　　Americans always run in front of the world, even spend today are tomorrow, the result? The financial crisis has finally shattered this myth of early consumption, punish all activities contrary to the laws of nature.

　　Beijing, then, a little leisurely. People live I, a spring vegetation, how short and beautiful time. If you can walk, why should anxious to run, miss the scenery all the way? Note that the front is not another spring, but has been waiting for you to close the end of life.

　　Tomorrow’s thing is done today, and next year’s event is finished this year. So ahead of the outstanding achievements and efforts, but is a result of the advance of life.

　　What is a rivers and lakes years reminder, juvenile children rivers and lakes old? This is the helplessness of life rather than enjoyment.

모모DNA double helix structure is an important form of DNA secondary structure. It is a structural model put forward by Watson and Crick in 1953.pass small molecules It can be seen from the present situation that the market prospect is relatively broad, which is conducive to our reference and investment. https://www.all-chemistry.com/

모모

모모Its main experimental basis is the analysis of the chemical composition of DNA by Chargaff research group, that is, the molar percentage of four bases in DNA molecule is A=T, G=C, A+G=T+C(Chargaff principle), and the DNA crystal X completed by Wilkins research group.

모모

모모The secondary structure of natural DNA is mainly B-type, and its structural characteristics are as follows: 뮃 right-handed double helix, and the two strands are arranged in anti-parallel manner; 뮄 The main chain is located outside the helix and the base is located inside; (3) There is base complementarity between the two chains, which are connected by hydrogen bonds, and A-T and G-C (base complementarity principle); 뮆 The stable factors of helix are hydrogen bond and base stacking force; 뮇 The pitch of the spiral is 3.4nm and the diameter is 2nm.