Quality Matters How to Choose the Right PCB Materials for Your LED Screen

  Printed circuit board is one of the main materials of LED display. The quality of the PCB board is determined by the material and the Layer of the PCB board.Doing these simple things can also make led display screen Sowing high-quality genes will eventually grow into towering trees and become the leader in the industry. https://www.atop-led.com/

  

  In this article, we introduce quality LED display PCB board and summarize PCB knowledge.

  

  PCB board for led screen

  

  PCB is short for ‘printed circuit board’, up to 1936, Dr. Paul Eisner really invented PCB manufacturing technology and published a number of patents.

  

  PCB including copper platinum, base materials, and covered copper plate.

  

  There are lots of kinds of base materials.

  

  Common substrate types include:

  

  XPC phenolic resin substrate, FR-1 phenolic resin substrate, FR-2 phenolic resin substrate, CEM-1 epoxy resin composite substrate, FR-4 epoxy fiberglass board, other resins -BT, PI, PTFE fiber cloth/organic fiber, etc.

  

  PCB can be classified by hardness, material, and structure, into different types.

  

  Normally, LED displays use FR-4 fiberglass circuit board.

  

  FR-4 fiberglass circuit board is a traditional electronic PCB board, which has a wide range of applications due to its good insulation, corrosion resistance, compression resistance, and multiple layer printing.

  

  Layer of the PCB Board

  

  One-layer PCB, this single layer has to support all the parts like IC, lamp, capacitors, and resistors working normally. If any little problem happens, this single board will be broken which leads to an increased failure rate.

  

  Two-layers PCB or multiple layers PCB, there are many layers to support the components, even some problem happens, the other layer still can support the LED video wall working normally. It can make the failure rate lower.

  

  How to Choose PCB Materials for LED Display Screens?

  

  The LED display screen PCB consists of a light board, a driver board, a HUB board, a control card, and other components. As the electrical carrier of electronic components, the PCB is responsible for connecting and powering all components according to certain operating principles. PCB wiring design can effectively improve the performance of LED display screens, such as uniform heat dissipation, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).

  

  The PCB material, surface copper thickness, and copper quality can affect the electrical performance of the display screen. Different manufacturing processes and equipment can affect the reliability and flatness of the LED display screen.

  

  Poor Quality PCBs

  

  Some poor quality PCBs may exhibit problems such as circuit and via opens, short circuits between circuits, leakage current, severe deformation, and copper foil and substrate delamination during production or after use for some time. This can cause the entire display screen to malfunction, leading to severe scrap handling. In some cases, the PCB may not meet the fire protection grade requirements, and short circuits between lines may cause fires, which can cause harm to personal safety.

  

  High-Quality PCBs

  

  High-quality PCBs are closely related to the flatness of the display screen, circuit reliability, and fire safety. What should be noted when selecting PCB materials for LED display screens?

  

   The diagonal warpage should be less than 0.75% (affecting the flatness of the display surface).

  

   High-grade flame-retardant materials (playing an important role in product safety).

  

   Choose a factory with advanced production processes and high process capabilities to manufacture glass fiber.∠ PCB material grades: a. FR-4 A material (high quality); b. FR-4 AB material (normal); c. FR-4 B material (poor); d. Semi-glass fiber (inferior).

  

  Conclution

  

  In conclusion, choosing the right PCB materials for your LED display screen is crucial to ensure its performance, reliability, and safety. It is important to consider factors such as the PCB material grade, surface copper thickness and quality, manufacturing processes, and fire safety. By selecting high-quality PCBs and working with reputable manufacturers, you can ensure that your LED display screen operates efficiently and safely, providing an optimal viewing experience.

The Benefits of a Men’s Stainless Steel Water Cup with Handle

  When it comes to daily hydration, having a reliable and durable water cup is essential. One popular choice among men is the men’s stainless steel water cup with handle. This type of cup offers several advantages, making it an ideal companion for work, travel, or outdoor activities. In this blog post, we will explore the key features, benefits, and reasons why this product should be your go-to choice for staying hydrated.Through bit by bit efforts, let Insulated stainless steel mug Our market share is getting higher and higher, and the return on investment is also rising steadily. https://www.ervanflask.com/

  

  Durability and Longevity

  

  One of the primary reasons why a Men’s Stainless Steel Water Cup with Handle is a great investment is its durability. Stainless steel is known for its resistance to rust, corrosion, and impact, ensuring that the cup can withstand daily use without showing signs of wear and tear. This makes it perfect for men who are always on the go, whether it’s for a tough day at work or an adventurous outdoor excursion.

  

  The Benefits of a Mens Stainless Steel Water Cup with Handle

  

  Keeps Beverages at the Right Temperature

  

  Another significant advantage of using a stainless steel water cup is its excellent temperature retention capabilities. Whether you prefer your drinks hot or cold, this cup will keep your beverage at the desired temperature for an extended period. The double-wall insulation prevents heat transfer, ensuring that your drink stays refreshing during a long day out.

  

  Convenient Handle for Easy Carrying

  

  The addition of a handle to the stainless steel water cup makes it even more practical. The handle provides a comfortable grip, allowing you to carry the cup with ease. Whether you’re commuting to work, hiking, or simply lounging at home, the handle ensures that you can hold the cup securely, reducing the risk of spills or drops.

  

  Eco-Friendly Choice

  

  Using a Men’s Stainless Steel Water Cup with Handle is also an environmentally friendly choice. By opting for a reusable cup, you’re reducing your reliance on single-use plastic bottles, which contribute to environmental pollution. Stainless steel cups are designed to last for years, making them a sustainable option for those who care about the planet.

  

  Easy to Clean and Maintain

  

  Maintenance is a breeze with stainless steel cups. They are easy to clean, either by hand or in a dishwasher, and they do not retain odors or stains. This ensures that your cup remains hygienic and free from any unpleasant smells, no matter what you choose to drink.

  

  Stylish and Practical Design

  

  A Men’s Stainless Steel Water Cup with Handle is not only functional but also stylish. With a sleek design, it can easily complement your daily attire, whether you’re heading to the office or the gym. The handle adds a touch of practicality, making it a versatile accessory for any occasion.

  

  The Benefits of a Mens Stainless Steel Water Cup with Handle

  

  Perfect for Gifting

  

  Given its many benefits, a Men’s Stainless Steel Water Cup with Handle also makes for a thoughtful gift. Whether it’s for a friend, family member, or colleague, this cup is a practical and stylish gift that will be appreciated by anyone who values durability, functionality, and eco-friendliness.

  

  Conclusion

  

  In summary, a Men’s Stainless Steel Water Cup with Handle is a versatile, durable, and eco-friendly choice for anyone looking to stay hydrated throughout the day. Its ability to keep drinks at the perfect temperature, combined with its easy-to-carry handle, makes it a must-have item. Whether for personal use or as a gift, this cup is a practical investment that will serve you well for years to come.

What is the relationship between ADAS and automotive functional safety

  Functional safety solves the problem of failure of electronic and electrical systems, such as a camera suddenly breaking down or a domain controller system failure. Traditional ADAS systems will fully consider functional safety during the system design stage. At present, this field is the most mature compared to other safety areas, and is also supported by international standards ISO26262 and some regulations.According to related reports, vehicle camera supplier To a large extent, it leads the changes of market conditions. https://szdfpls.com

  

  Expected functional safety solves the problems of insufficient related functions, performance limitations, and human misuse after the complexity of system functions increases. For example, if the driver does not operate the intelligent driving function correctly, the perception algorithm function is limited and cannot accurately identify the faded lane line, or the perception identifies the truck in front as blue daytime, this will bring fatal problems.

  

  At present, the ADAS system has not yet achieved a good implementation combination with expected functional safety, but according to my observation, some companies are also paying attention to this aspect and starting to make some expected functional safety supervision mechanisms. Expected functional safety is more targeted at high-level ADAS systems (L3 and above), because the system is more complex and needs to pay more attention to expected functional safety.

  

  Information security, this direction involves more and wider areas than the first two, involving data communication security between vehicles and within the vehicle. At present, I personally have not been exposed to information security in ADAS, and I hope that other experts in information security can talk about it together.

You must know these when buying a tablet

  Tablet PC have actually entered the vision of consumers since a long time ago. Now, tablet PC are still very popular. The tablet PC market has formed a three-legged situation: IOS system, Android system, and Windows system. There are also tablet on the market equipped with Google’s latest Chrome OS, but because there are fewer products, they are not included in the comparison for the time being. A detailed evaluation will be made after the Chrome OS product lineup is formed in the later stage. However, the systems are different. They are all tablet, but there are great differences. Next, I will share with you the differences in software and hardware between the tablet computers of these three systems.However, with the development of the industry, custom android tablet It will also bring us more and more consumer experiences, so that users can really feel the upgrade and change. https://txsongseng.com

  

  The motherboard structure of Android and IOS tablet PC is similar to that of mobile phones. Some tablet modelswill integrate baseband modules on the motherboard to enable the tablet computer to support mobile communication services (cellular networks), such as 3G and 4G Internet access. The motherboard structure of Windows tablet computers is more like a portable laptop computer. Some manufacturers will also launch versions that support cellular networks. However, even ordinary versions of Windows tablet computers can be connected to 4G network cards through a universal USB interface.

  

  They are all tablets, but they have different uses. Of course, with the continuous expansion of WiFi hotspot coverage, it is also very convenient to share hotspots with smartphones for tablet computers to access the Internet. Therefore, whether there is 4G Internet access does not make much difference to ordinary tablet users. Mainly used for business purposes. The demand is relatively high.

  

  The data volume of Android and IOS systems is small, so the speed and capacity requirements of flash memory are much lower than those of Windows systems. Today, the RAM capacity of mainstream Android and IOS tablets is 4Gb, which is enough to cope with it calmly, while the mainstream 8Gb memory of Windows tablets may not meet all software requirements.

  

  The different usage requirements make the screen size distribution of the three major tablet systems different.

  

  They are all tablets, but they have different uses. A detailed comparison of tablets of the three major systems.

  

  Because IOS tablets only have Apple’s own iPad series, the quality control of various body hardware including the screen is done very well. The new screen resolution has reached the retina level, and the screen is more pleasing to the eye. As for Android and Windows tablets, because there are many brands, the screens of high-end brands basically use IPS, and the display effect is also good. However, for some low-positioned models, the screen is the area with the most serious cost reduction, which can be said to be a mixed bag.

  

  Although the tablets of the three systems can be equipped with external keyboards, styluses and other accessories. However, due to differences in hardware and systems, the usage scenarios and accessory requirements are also different. They are all tablets, but they have different uses. A detailed comparison of tablets of the three major systems. Android and IOS tablets are mainly operated by finger touch, but the touch screen of IOS tablets is more accurate, and some users will also configure Apple Pencil for drawing. The most common accessories for Windows tablets are external keyboards, mice and styluses, and their usage scenarios are similar to laptops.

  

  Strictly speaking, among the three major system tablets, only Windows system tablets can meet traditional office needs, and it is also more in line with users’ usage habits of office computers. Let alone hardware performance, at least it can work like an ordinary laptop. They are all tablets, but they have different uses. Detailed comparison of tablets of the three major systems. For individual users, if you want to choose a tablet for audio-visual entertainment, you can give priority to choosing from the two major camps of Android and IOS systems, and try to choose a large-size screen version. Because as the screen of the mobile phone becomes larger and larger, the practicality of the small-screen tablet is not so high. And if you want to buy a tablet suitable for office needs, even if it is only used for light office scenes such as processing documents and pictures, it is recommended that you choose a Windows series tablet.

  

  After reading the above, do you have a clear choice? If you don¨t understand anything, you can leave a message to Tuoxiang, and Tuoxiang professional tablet manufacturers will answer you carefully.

How Can I Include My Logo and Brand Information on Custom Hang Tags

  Custom printed hang tags are an excellent way to enhance brand visibility and communicate important product information to customers. Whether you¨re a fashion brand or a product manufacturer, including your logo and other brand elements on hang tags can add a professional touch to your products. In this guide, we¨ll explain how to effectively incorporate your logo and brand information into custom hang tags, highlighting key design elements and printing methods.The industry believes that, China hang tag supplier The development of our company marks the rapid and steady progress of the whole industry. https://zxgarmentaccessories.com/

  

  custom hang tags

  

  1. Choosing the Right Material for Your Custom Hang Tags

  

  The material you select for your hang tags should align with your brand’s identity and the products you’re selling. Common materials for custom printed hang tags include:

  

  Paper: High-quality cardstock or kraft paper provides a durable and eco-friendly option.

  

  Plastic: For a more durable and long-lasting hang tag, plastic can be used.

  

  Fabric: Some brands opt for fabric hang tags for a unique and tactile feel.

  

  At ZX Garment Accessories, we offer a wide range of material options to suit different brand aesthetics. Choosing the right material is important because it affects print quality, durability, and the overall impression customers get when they first encounter your product.

  

  2. Placement and Size of the Logo

  

  When designing your custom hang tag, your logo should be placed prominently to ensure brand recognition. Typically, the logo is positioned at the top or center of the tag, depending on its shape and size. Consider the following:

  

  Size: Your logo should be large enough to be legible, but not so large that it overshadows other important information.

  

  Orientation: Ensure the orientation of your logo complements the overall design. If the hang tag is vertical, a centered logo works best; for horizontal tags, placing it on the left or right might be more suitable.

How to Choose the Perfect Blending Eyeshadow Brush Set for Beginners?

  Choosing the right blending eyeshadow brush set can make a huge difference in achieving flawless eye makeup, especially for beginners. As you start your makeup journey, knowing which brushes to use and how to use them effectively will help you create seamless looks effortlessly. Here¨s how you can choose the perfect blending eyeshadow brush set for beginners.This shows that, makeup brush set It has a strong development pulse and is an indispensable source of power for the development of the industry. https://lsmakeupbrush.com

  

  Blending Eyeshadow Makeup Brush Set Wooden Handle Professional

  

  1. Consider the Material of the Brushes

  

  When selecting your first set, focus on the type of bristles. A good set, like the ones available at LS Makeup Brush, usually features soft synthetic bristles that are gentle on the skin and blend eyeshadow smoothly. Synthetic brushes tend to work well with both cream and powder eyeshadows and are easier to clean.

  

  2. Look for Variety in Brush Shapes

  

  A beginner-friendly blending eyeshadow brush set should include various brush shapes to help you achieve different techniques. For blending, you’ll want a fluffy brush to diffuse color in the crease, a smaller tapered brush for precision blending, and a flat blending brush for applying color across the lid.

  

  3. Prioritize Brush Size and Handle Comfort

  

  As a beginner, it’s essential to choose brushes with handles that are easy to grip. Larger brushes are better for blending large areas, while smaller ones are perfect for detailed work. The makeup brush sets from LS Makeup Brush offer a range of brush sizes that provide great control and precision.

  

  4. Durability and Maintenance

  

  Investing in a high-quality brush set is essential for longevity. Brushes made from durable materials will last longer and are easier to maintain. Choose a set that can withstand frequent cleaning without shedding or fraying, as keeping your brushes clean is crucial for both hygiene and optimal performance.

  

  Blending Eyeshadow Makeup Brush Set Wooden Handle Professional

  

  5. Private Label and Wholesale Options

  

  If you’re looking to expand your makeup collection or start a beauty brand, choosing a makeup brush set with private label and wholesale options can be beneficial. Many suppliers offer customizable options so you can brand your own brushes, ensuring they align with your business needs.

  

  In conclusion, as a beginner, it¨s essential to focus on brush material, shape variety, and comfort when selecting your blending eyeshadow brush set. Visit LS Makeup Brush to explore a wide range of high-quality options designed for easy use, durability, and effective blending for your perfect eye makeup look.

How do I choose the right pair of fashion sunglasses for my face shape

  Choosing the perfect pair of fashion sunglasses can elevate your style and enhance your overall look. However, selecting the right sunglasses is not just about trends; it¨s also about finding frames that complement your face shape. At YMO Eyewear, we understand the importance of personalized style, and we’re here to guide you through the process of choosing sunglasses that fit your unique features.in other words sustainable sunglasses It is possible to develop in a good direction, and there are still many places worth looking forward to in the future. https://ymoeyewear.com/

  

  fashion sunglasses

  

  Understanding Face Shapes

  

  Before diving into frame styles, it’s essential to determine your face shape. The most common face shapes are:

  

  Round: Characterized by soft curves and equal width and length, round faces often have full cheeks and a rounded chin.

  

  Square: This shape features strong jawlines, a broad forehead, and a length and width that are similar.

  

  Oval: Oval faces have balanced proportions, with a slightly narrower forehead and chin compared to the cheekbones.

  

  Heart: Heart-shaped faces have a wider forehead, high cheekbones, and a narrow chin.

  

  Diamond: This shape is defined by a narrow forehead and jawline, with prominent cheekbones.

  

  Choosing Sunglasses for Each Face Shape

  

  1. Round Face

  

  For round faces, opt for sunglasses that add angles and definition. Rectangular or square frames can provide contrast to the soft curves of your face. Oversized frames can also be a great choice to elongate the appearance of your face.

  

  2. Square Face

  

  Soften the strong angles of a square face with round or oval sunglasses. Look for frames with rounded edges to create a more balanced look. Cat-eye sunglasses can also add a touch of elegance and femininity.

  

  3. Oval Face

  

  Lucky for you, oval faces can pull off a variety of styles! Experiment with different shapes, including geometric, oversized, and aviator frames. Just ensure that the width of the frames is not wider than the broadest part of your face.

  

  4. Heart Face

  

  Choose sunglasses that balance the width of your forehead and narrow chin. Frames that are wider at the bottom, such as aviators or butterfly shapes, can create harmony. Avoid overly embellished or top-heavy frames.

  

  5. Diamond Face

  

  Diamond-shaped faces benefit from frames that highlight the eyes and soften the cheekbones. Oval and cat-eye frames work beautifully, while narrow frames can help elongate your features.

LED Display Solution And Led Display Cost

  With the popularity of LED screens, many customers do not have an accurate understanding of led screen. The pixel pitch and price of the LED screens they need, or feel that the resolution and price is too different from their expectations. Based on this situation, we would like to share with you a specific analysis about how to choose exact pixel pitch price structure of LED screens:For the current market situation, led display It has a very advantageous development prospect and an extremely superior ecological environment. https://www.atop-led.com/

  

  How to confirm led display solution

  

  Choosing the right LED display requires consideration of a number of factors, including resolution, size, brightness, color accuracy, viewing angle, longevity, and of course, budget. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you make the right choice:

  

  1. Determine the purpose of the display

  

  Will the LED display be used indoors or outdoors? Will it be used for advertising, entertainment or information displays? The purpose of your LED display will greatly influence the specifications you need.

  

  Outdoor led displayIndoor led display

  

  Outdoor led display Indoor led display

  

  2. Determining size and resolution

  

  The size of the display you need will depend on its location and the viewing distance. The farther away the average viewer, the larger the screen you¨ll need.

  

  Resolution refers to the number of pixels displayed and it is usually described by the terms P1, P2, P3, etc., where ‘P’ stands for ‘pixel’ and the number indicates the distance in millimeters between each pixel. A P2 display, for example, has a pixel pitch of 2mm. The lower the number, the higher the resolution, but also the higher the cost.

  

  led display width and height

  

  3. Consider brightness

  

  Brightness (measured in nits) is especially important for outdoor displays or well-lit indoor displays. Outdoor LED screens should be 5000-10000 nits to ensure that the image can be seen even in direct sunlight. Indoor screens typically require 600-1200 nits.

  

  brightness

  

  4. Check color accuracy and contrast

  

  A high quality LED display should be able to render accurate colors and deep blacks. Contrast (the difference between the darkest blacks and the brightest whites the screen can render) is also an important factor to consider. The higher the contrast, the better the image quality.

  

  5. Evaluating viewing angle

  

  The viewing angle is the maximum angle at which the monitor can be viewed with acceptable visual performance. A wide viewing angle of 140 degrees or greater is recommended for the average viewer in all positions.

  

  wide viewing angle led screen

  

  6. Recognizing longevity and warranty

  

  An LED display is a major investment, so you need to make sure it lasts a long time. A good quality LED screen should have a lifespan of 100,000 hours (about 11 years if it runs 24/7). Also consider the warranty period and what it covers.

  

  7. Budgeting

  

  The cost of LED displays varies greatly, depending on their specification and manufacturer. When budgeting, it is important to consider not only the purchase price, but also the installation costs and potential energy costs.

Higher Capacity 1450014430 battery can be found in Keeppower

  Keeppower has recently introduced higher-capacity versions of its protected small-size series batteries, including the 14500 1500mAh (Part Name: P1450C4) and the 14430 1300mAh (Part Name: P1443C4). These new batteries offer a significant boost in capacity, with a 36.4% increase for the P1450C4 compared to the previous 1100mAh model (P1450C3) and a 23.8% increase for the P1443C4 compared to the previous 1050mAh model (P1443C3).With the expanding influence of the industry, customized battery pack Our business is also constantly spreading, and the development of the market is also gradually advancing. https://www.keeppower.com

  

  Despite the increase in power, the dimensions of these batteries remain virtually unchanged. This advancement allows customers to enjoy longer usage times, higher energy density, and greater capacity in a compact cylindrical lithium battery form factor.

  

  We do not claim that these are the highest-capacity batteries on the market, as we believe that technological innovation will continue to push the boundaries of performance. Our mission is to stay at the forefront of this innovation, to identify and test these advancements, and to bring more reliable products to market that bridge the gap between the latest technology and end consumers.

  

  For your reference, we have included the real-time test data for these two new products below.

  

  Table 1: Test Data for KP P1450C4, @ 0.75A 4.2V-2.5V, Capacity: 1507mAh

  

  Table 2: Test Data for KP P1443C4, @ 0.65A 4.2V-2.5V, Capacity: 1254mAh

  

  For more details, please visit PRODUCT PAGE.

What Factors Affect Battery Life in Android Tablets

  When choosing an Android tablet, battery life is a crucial consideration. A longer battery life ensures that the device can handle prolonged use, whether for work, entertainment, or gaming. Understanding the factors that influence battery performance can help you make an informed decision and optimize your tablet¨s usage. Here¨s a detailed look at the key factors affecting battery life in Android tablets:Only by working together can we turn custom android tablet The value of the play out, the development of the supply market needs. https://txsongseng.com

  

  1. Battery Capacity

  

  MAh Rating: The milliampere-hour (mAh) rating of a tablet¨s battery indicates its capacity. Generally, a higher mAh rating suggests a larger battery, which can potentially offer longer usage times. However, the actual battery life depends on several other factors, not just capacity.

  

  2. Screen Size and Resolution

  

  Display Power Consumption: Larger screens and higher resolutions require more power. Tablets with high-resolution displays (such as 4K) and larger screens consume more energy to drive the pixels, leading to faster battery drain compared to devices with smaller screens and lower resolutions.

  

  3. Processor Efficiency

  

  CPU and GPU: The efficiency of the tablet¨s processor (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) plays a significant role in battery life. Newer, more efficient processors often have better power management, which helps extend battery life. Older or less efficient chips may consume more power for the same tasks.

  

  4. Operating System and Software

  

  System Optimization: The Android operating system and the apps installed on your tablet affect battery performance. Regular software updates and system optimizations can improve power management. Additionally, apps that are not well-optimized may cause increased battery drain due to excessive background processes or inefficient coding.

  

  android tablet wholesalers.jpg

  

  5. Brightness and Display Settings

  

  Screen Brightness: Higher screen brightness levels use more battery power. Adjusting the screen brightness to a lower, more comfortable level can significantly extend battery life. Many tablets also have adaptive brightness settings that adjust brightness based on ambient lighting, which helps save power.

  

  6. Connectivity Features

  

  Wireless Connections: Features such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular connections can impact battery life. Keeping these connections active when not needed can drain the battery more quickly. Using power-saving modes or turning off unnecessary connectivity features can help conserve battery.

  

  7. Battery Health and Age

  

  Wear and Tear: Over time, the battery¨s performance may degrade due to wear and tear. Battery health can be affected by factors such as the number of charge cycles and exposure to extreme temperatures. Older batteries generally have reduced capacity and shorter battery life.

  

  8. Usage Patterns

  

  Active vs. Standby Time: How you use your tablet affects its battery life. Intensive activities like gaming, streaming high-definition videos, or running multiple apps simultaneously will drain the battery faster. In contrast, light usage such as reading or browsing the web may result in longer battery life.

  

  Battery life in Android tablets is influenced by a variety of factors, including battery capacity, screen size, processor efficiency, and usage patterns. By understanding these elements, you can make more informed decisions when choosing a tablet and adopt practices to optimize battery performance. Whether you¨re looking for a device with long-lasting battery life or seeking ways to improve your current tablet¨s endurance, considering these factors will help you get the most out of your Android tablet.