Monthly Archives: November 2024

　　Wheelchairs are widely used in patients’ rehabilitation training and family life, such as lower limb dysfunction, hemiplegia, paraplegia below the chest and people with mobility difficulties. As patients’ families and rehabilitation therapists, it is very necessary to know the characteristics of wheelchairs, choose the most suitable wheelchairs and use them correctly.If you want to make a big difference in the market, 電動輪椅價錢 It is necessary to intensify the upgrading of products on the original basis in order to meet the consumption needs of consumers. https://www.hohomedical.com/collections/light-weight-wheelchair

　　First of all, what harm will an inappropriate wheelchair do to the user?

　　Excessive local compression

　　Form a bad posture

　　Induced scoliosis

　　Causing contracture of joints

　　(What are the unsuitable wheelchairs: the seat is too shallow and the height is not enough; The seat is too wide and the height is not enough)

　　The main parts that wheelchair users bear pressure are ischial tubercle, thigh, popliteal fossa and scapula. Therefore, when choosing a wheelchair, we should pay attention to whether the size of these parts is appropriate to avoid skin wear, abrasions and pressure sores.

　　Let’s talk about the choice of wheelchair, which must be kept in mind!

　　Choice of ordinary wheelchair

　　Seat width

　　Measure the distance between two hips or between two legs when sitting down, and add 5cm, that is, there is a gap of 2.5cm on each side after sitting down. The seat is too narrow, it is difficult to get on and off the wheelchair, and the hip and thigh tissues are compressed; The seat is too wide, it is difficult to sit still, it is inconvenient to operate the wheelchair, the upper limbs are easy to get tired, and it is difficult to get in and out of the gate.

　　Seat length

　　Measure the horizontal distance from the hip to the gastrocnemius of the calf when sitting down, and reduce the measurement result by 6.5cm. The seat is too short, the weight mainly falls on the ischium, and the local pressure is easy to be too much; If the seat is too long, it will compress the popliteal fossa, affect the local blood circulation, and easily irritate the skin of this part. It is better to use a short seat for patients with extremely short thighs or flexion and contracture of hips and knees.

　　Seat height

　　Measure the distance from the heel (or heel) to the popliteal fossa when sitting down, and add 4cm. When placing the pedal, the board surface should be at least 5cm from the ground. The seat is too high for the wheelchair to enter the table; The seat is too low and the ischium bears too much weight.

　　seating washer

　　In order to be comfortable and prevent pressure sores, a seat cushion should be placed on the seat, and foam rubber (5~10cm thick) or gel cushion can be used. To prevent the seat from sinking, a piece of plywood with a thickness of 0.6cm can be placed under the seat cushion.

　　Backrest height

　　The higher the backrest, the more stable it is, and the lower the backrest, the greater the range of motion of the upper body and upper limbs. The so-called low backrest is to measure the distance from the seat surface to the armpit (one arm or two arms extend forward horizontally), and subtract 10cm from this result. High backrest: measure the actual height from the seat surface to the shoulder or back pillow.

　　Handrail height

　　When sitting down, the upper arm is vertical and the forearm is flat on the armrest. Measure the height from the chair surface to the lower edge of the forearm, and add 2.5cm. Proper armrest height helps to maintain correct posture and balance, and can make the upper limbs placed in a comfortable position. The armrest is too high, and the upper arm is forced to lift up, which is easy to fatigue. If the armrest is too low, you need to lean forward to maintain balance, which is not only easy to fatigue, but also may affect your breathing.

　　Other auxiliary parts of wheelchair

　　Designed to meet the special needs of patients, such as increasing the friction surface of the handle, extending the brake, anti-shock device, anti-skid device, armrest mounting arm rest, wheelchair table to facilitate patients to eat and write, etc.

　　In today¨s dynamic event industry, visuals can make or break an audience¨s experience. Creating captivating and immersive environments is key to making lasting impressions, whether it¨s a concert, corporate event, trade show, or a high-energy festival. The LED wall stage backdrop is one of the most powerful tools for achieving this. These digital displays deliver vibrant visuals, transforming stages into eye-catching spectacles that command attention and leave a lasting impact.Now, everyone is right led flexible display Are more concerned, hoping to get more benefits from it. https://sz-likeled.com/

　　This blog explores the key features of LED wall stage backdrops and how they bring vibrant visuals to life at every event.

　　led wall stage backdrop

　　1. Unmatched Visual Clarity and Brightness

　　One of the most defining features of an LED wall stage backdrop is its stunning visual clarity. These walls are built with high-resolution displays that can deliver crystal-clear images, videos, and graphics, even in large venues or outdoor settings. The pixel pitch of an LED wall determines the density of pixels per square inch, and a smaller pixel pitch results in sharper visuals. This level of clarity ensures that no detail is lost, regardless of how close or far the audience is.

　　In addition, LED walls are incredibly bright, making them perfect for both indoor and outdoor events. Even in environments with strong ambient lighting, these walls shine through, ensuring your visuals stand out.

　　Key Features:

　　High-resolution displays for superior image clarity.

　　Bright visuals that remain visible even in direct sunlight or well-lit venues.

　　Consistent performance whether the audience is up close or far away.

　　led wall stage backdrop

　　2. Customization for Any Event

　　LED wall stage backdrops are highly customizable, making them suitable for any event type. They can be built to any size or shape, fitting the exact needs of your venue or creative vision. Whether you need a gigantic wall that spans an entire stage or smaller modular panels to create unique displays, LED walls offer flexibility.

　　Additionally, you can choose the type of content you want to display, from high-definition videos and images to interactive features. This versatility allows event organizers to adapt the LED wall to fit branding needs, promotional content, or entertainment features.

　　Huaguang Appliance Group is thrilled to bring its latest product innovations to IFA Global Markets in Berlin, Germany, from September 8-10, 2024, at STATION Berlin. This renowned event is a hub for industry leaders and innovators to share trends, launch new products, and foster partnerships on a global scale.According to related reports,700ml water tank coffee machineTo a large extent, it leads the changes of market conditions.https://www.huaguangsteam.com/product-category/coffee-machine/

　　What to Expect from Huaguang at IFA Berlin

　　This year, Huaguang will present cutting-edge appliances that reflect its core values of innovation, quality, and user experience. Visitors can explore the latest in:

　　Advanced Steam Irons: Experience precision steam technology that ensures faster, smoother ironing.

　　Espresso and Capsule Coffee Machines: Featuring Huaguang¨s renowned steam innovation for the perfect brew every time.

　　Huaguang¨s booth will allow attendees to interact with the products, giving them a first-hand look at the performance and user-friendly design that distinguishes the brand.

　　Engage with Us at IFA

　　Huaguang¨s team will be available throughout the event to demonstrate products, answer questions, and discuss potential collaborations. Whether you are a business partner or a consumer electronics enthusiast, this is your chance to engage with our latest innovations.

　　See you at STATION Berlin, September 8-10! Discover how Huaguang¨s products are setting new standards in home appliances.

　　The 100g small coffee roaster is designed for those who want to experiment with coffee roasting on a manageable scale. Whether you’re a beginner looking to try their hand at coffee roasting or a small business considering roasted coffee wholesale, this machine offers a starting point that’s not overwhelming.For coffee enthusiasts and small-scale roasters, the allure of freshly roasted coffee is undeniable. The aroma, the flavor, and the process itself can be as satisfying as the cup that ends up in your hands. With the rise of home coffee roasting, machines like the 100g small coffee roaster have become increasingly popular. But how easy is it to operate such a machine, and what does it take to go from green beans to roasted coffee wholesale?As we all know, coffee roaster machine The emergence of the market is worthy of many people’s attention, which has aroused the waves of the whole market. https://www.yoshanroaster.com/

　　1. Ease of Operation

　　Operating a 100g coffee roaster machine is generally straightforward. Most models come with basic controls that allow you to set the temperature and time for the roasting process. Here’s a simplified breakdown of the steps involved:

　　Preheat the Roaster: Start by preheating the machine to a consistent temperature, which is crucial for even roasting.

　　Load the Beans: Carefully add your green coffee beans to the roasting chamber, ensuring they are spread out evenly.

　　Start the Roasting Process: Begin the roasting process and monitor the beans as they change color and emit smoke.

　　Adjust as Needed: Use the controls to adjust the heat or air flow if necessary, based on the desired roast profile.

　　Cool the Beans: Once the roast is complete, quickly cool the beans to stop the roasting process and lock in the flavor.

　　How Easy Is It to Operate a 100g Small Coffee Roaster?

　　How Easy Is It to Operate a 100g Small Coffee Roaster?

　　2. Benefits of 100g Coffee Roasting

　　Perfect for Small-Scale Production: Ideal for those looking to start roasted coffee wholesale on a small scale or for personal use.

　　Learning Curve: Offers a manageable way to learn the art of coffee roasting without the complexity of larger machines.

　　Experimentation: Allows for experimenting with different roast profiles and beans to find your signature flavor.

　　Freshness: Ensures that you’re always serving the freshest coffee, as roasting can be done just before packaging or sale.

　　3. Coffee Roasting for Wholesale

　　For those considering roasted coffee wholesale, starting with a 100g coffee roaster can be a smart move. It allows you to perfect your roasting skills and build a customer base before scaling up to larger machines.As your roasted coffee wholesale business grows, you may find the need to scale up your operations. This can involve moving to larger roasters or investing in additional 100g roasters to meet demand.

　　How Easy Is It to Operate a 100g Small Coffee Roaster?

　　The 100g small coffee roaster offers an accessible entry point into the world of coffee roasting. It’s relatively easy to operate, making it perfect for beginners and small-scale roasters looking to break into the roasted coffee wholesale market. With practice and patience, you can master the art of coffee roasting and deliver the freshest coffee to your customers.

　　When the coffee roast machine is extracting and concentrating, the process of oil seepage has always been a healing scene. Especially after the thick golden foam is seen, the latte art party is so happy. But if one day you find that the extracted oil is scarce, thin, or even non-existent, then the problem is likely to appear in these aspects!By comparison, it can be seen that commercial coffee roaster It has certain advantages and great cost performance. https://www.yoshanroaster.com/

　　Why Is the Fat Extracted from Coffee Machine too Thin?

　　Why Is the Fat Extracted from Coffee Machine too Thin?

　　1. The coffee beans are not fresh

　　When the coffee beans are not fresh, the carbon dioxide content in them is not enough to “support” the rich oil! There are two reasons for not being fresh:

　　One is that the time from roasting is too long and exceeds the best tasting period. Generally, Italian coffee beans have a tasting period of 60 days. After this period of time, the aroma, flavor, and carbon dioxide have almost been lost. If you use it for extraction, the oil obtained will naturally be thinner!

　　The other is the storage problem! Even if your beans are within the tasting period, if they are not stored well, and there is a leaking lid or leaking seal, which allows the coffee beans to be exposed to the air, the coffee beans will accelerate the exhaust reaction. It only takes one night to turn the fragrant coffee beans into tasteless beans. Therefore, when we buy beans, it is best to observe its roasting time and then store it properly. In this way, waste and overturning can be greatly reduced.

　　Why Is the Fat Extracted from Coffee Machine too Thin?

　　2. Coffee machine pressure adjustment

　　The pressure valves of many home coffee roast machine are like the one used in the front street, which are in a place where you can touch it by raising your hand. Although it is very convenient, it is easy to touch it accidentally, causing problems with the next cup of production. So if the concentrated oil is too thin, you might as well check the pressure valve to see if it is at the correct pressure value to reduce the error.

　　3. Too coarse grinding and too little powder

　　Grinding too coarsely or using much less powder than the powder bowl standard are the two best situations to confirm! When you press the extraction button and see the coffee liquid rushing down, it means that there is a problem with one of these two parameters (or both), resulting in a large gap for water to flow through, or a channel effect. The coffee extracted in these two situations is light in color, thin in oil, and very bland in taste! It is best to use the reference weight of the powder bowl as the standard for the amount of powder. As for grinding too coarsely, you can use the extraction time of 20 seconds as a benchmark!

　　For a long time, the powder liquid of Italian coffee is twice as heavy as the powder liquid that everyone has always assumed. Adhering to this principle, see if the extraction time is within 20 seconds. If it is, it means that the grinding is not coarse enough, the gap that water can pass through is too large, and the extraction time is naturally short, so you need to readjust the grinding!

　　Why Is the Fat Extracted from Coffee Machine too Thin?

　　4. The water temperature is too low

　　During extraction, if the water temperature does not reach the extraction requirement of 90+＜C, the oil will be too thin. Of course, it will also be like grinding too coarsely, and the final espresso will be under-extracted! Generally speaking, insufficient water temperature will occur in the preheating stage when the machine is just turned on. The water temperature at that time will not be too accurate. Therefore, Qianjie started concentrated extraction twenty minutes after the machine was turned on.

　　5. The beans are roasted too lightly

　　Because lightly roasted coffee beans are harder in texture, they require higher extraction intensity than dark roasted beans. Therefore, if you apply the extraction parameters of dark roasted beans to light roasted beans, it is very easy to have “concentrated splashing”. Therefore, lightly roasted beans still need to be adjusted to the corresponding parameters! Even if the parameters are correct, its fat will not be as rich and thick as that of dark roasted beans. After all, it has less carbon dioxide.

　　Why Is the Fat Extracted from Coffee Machine too Thin?

　　By addressing these factors, you can improve the fat extraction from your coffee roaster machine and enjoy a richer, more flavorful cup of coffee.

　　In the fast-paced world we live in, having an efficient way to charge our devices is essential. The 3-in-1 wireless charging station is a game-changer, offering numerous benefits that can significantly enhance your daily routine. Whether it’s for home, office, or travel, this versatile device simplifies the charging process and ensures your gadgets are always ready to use.As we all know, sports video camera The emergence of the market is worthy of many people’s attention, which has aroused the waves of the whole market. https://www.xtwkitway.com/

　　1. Streamlined Charging for Multiple Devices

　　One of the standout features of the 3-in-1 wireless charging station is its ability to charge multiple devices simultaneously. This is particularly beneficial for those who own multiple Apple products, such as an iPhone, Apple Watch, and AirPods. With a 3-in-1 wireless charger, you no longer need to deal with tangled wires or multiple charging bricks. This consolidated approach not only saves space but also reduces clutter, making your workspace or bedside table look much neater.

　　2. Fast and Efficient Charging

　　The 3 in 1 charging station is designed to provide fast and efficient charging. It delivers optimal power to each device, ensuring that they charge quickly and safely. This means you can spend less time waiting for your devices to charge and more time using them. Whether you need to top up your phone before heading out or ensure your AirPods are ready for a long day of meetings, the 3-in-1 wireless charging station has you covered.

　　How the 3-in-1 Charging Station Can Improve Your Daily Routine?

　　3. Safety Features for Peace of Mind

　　Safety is a major concern when it comes to charging devices, and the 3-in-1 wireless charger excels in this area. It comes equipped with multiple safety features, including over-current, over-voltage, short-circuit, and over-temperature protection. These features ensure that your devices are protected from potential damage during the charging process. Additionally, the foreign object detection feature adds an extra layer of safety, preventing the charger from being activated if an incompatible object is detected.

　　How the 3-in-1 Charging Station Can Improve Your Daily Routine?

　　4. Convenient for Travel

　　For those who travel frequently, the 3-in-1 wireless charging station is a perfect companion. Its compact and portable design makes it easy to pack and carry, allowing you to keep your devices charged on the go. No more carrying multiple chargers and cables！just one device that can handle all your charging needs. This convenience can make your travel experience much smoother and more enjoyable.

　　5. Improved Organization and Efficiency

　　Using a 3-in-1 charging station can significantly improve your organization and efficiency. With a designated spot for charging all your devices, you¨ll always know where to find them. This reduces the chances of misplacing your gadgets and ensures they are always ready for use. The charging station can also serve as a central hub for your devices, making it easier to manage and monitor their charging status.

　　How the 3-in-1 Charging Station Can Improve Your Daily Routine?

　　6. Enhanced Aesthetic Appeal

　　A sleek and modern design is another advantage of the 3-in-1 wireless charging station. It adds a touch of elegance to any setting, whether it¨s your office desk or bedside table. By eliminating the need for multiple chargers, it creates a cleaner and more organized look, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of your space.

　　Conclusion:

　　In conclusion, the 3-in-1 wireless charging station offers numerous benefits that can improve your daily routine. From streamlining the charging process and ensuring device safety to enhancing organization and aesthetic appeal, this versatile charger is an invaluable tool for anyone with multiple devices. By investing in a 3-in-1 wireless charger, you can enjoy a more efficient, organized, and stress-free charging experience.

　　When it comes to sourcing watch bands for your business, it’s crucial to partner with a reliable and capable watch band manufacturer. With the increasing demand for high-quality watch straps, finding the right manufacturer can be a daunting task. To ensure that you are making the right choice, it’s important to evaluate a watch band manufacturer’s capabilities thoroughly. In this article, we will discuss the key factors to consider when evaluating a watch band manufacturers, including their experience in watch strap manufacturing, wholesale watch straps offerings, and overall capabilities.Under people’s attention sports video camera Finally grow into what people need, born for the market and come for the demand. https://www.xtwkitway.com/

　　How to Evaluate a Watch Band Manufacturer¨s Capabilities?

　　Experience in Watch Strap Manufacturing

　　One of the most important factors to consider when evaluating a watch band manufacturer is their experience in watch strap manufacturing. A manufacturer with a proven track record in producing high-quality watch bands is more likely to meet your expectations and requirements. Look for a manufacturer that has a solid reputation in the industry and has been in the business for a significant amount of time. Additionally, inquire about the types of materials they use, their production processes, and their quality control measures. A manufacturer with extensive experience and expertise in watch strap manufacturing is more likely to deliver superior products that meet your standards.

　　How to Evaluate a Watch Band Manufacturer¨s Capabilities?

　　Wholesale Watch Straps Offerings

　　Another crucial aspect to consider when evaluating a watch band manufacturer is their wholesale watch straps offerings. As a business owner, you need a manufacturer that can provide you with a wide range of watch straps to cater to different preferences and styles. Whether you are looking for leather, metal, nylon, or silicone watch bands, it’s important to partner with a manufacturer that can offer diverse options to meet the needs of your customers. Additionally, inquire about their customization capabilities if you require bespoke watch straps for your brand. A manufacturer with a comprehensive wholesale watch straps catalog and customization options can provide you with the flexibility and variety you need to stay competitive in the market.

　　How to Evaluate a Watch Band Manufacturer¨s Capabilities?

　　Overall Capabilities

　　In addition to experience and product offerings, it’s essential to assess a watch band manufacturer’s overall capabilities. This includes their production capacity, lead times, quality assurance processes, and customer service. A manufacturer with efficient production capabilities and short lead times can ensure that you have a steady and reliable supply of watch straps to meet consumer demand. Furthermore, a robust quality assurance process is crucial to guarantee that the watch bands meet your specifications and uphold your brand’s reputation for excellence. Finally, excellent customer service is vital for maintaining a smooth and collaborative partnership with the manufacturer. Look for a manufacturer that is responsive, communicative, and dedicated to meeting your needs as a business partner.

　　How to Evaluate a Watch Band Manufacturer¨s Capabilities?

　　In conclusion, evaluating a watch band manufacturer’s capabilities is a critical step in establishing a successful partnership. By considering their experience in watch strap manufacturing, wholesale watch straps offerings, and overall capabilities, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your business goals. Partnering with a reputable and capable watch band manufacturer can provide you with the high-quality products and support you need to thrive in the competitive watch industry.

　　Circuit board (PCB) is the foundation of modern electronic equipment, on which various electronic components are integrated. These components can be divided into active components, passive components, connectors and switches, sensors and actuators, signal processing and interference suppression components.If you want to make a big difference in the market,AD8139ARDZIt is necessary to intensify the upgrading of products on the original basis in order to meet the consumption needs of consumers. https://www.asourcingelectronics.com/product/detail/store/6446451/ad8139ardz.html

　　1. Active components

　　Active components can regulate current and signals, mainly including:

　　Transistor: including bipolar transistor (BJT) and field effect transistor (FET) such as MOSFET, JFET, etc., used for amplifying and switching circuits.

　　Integrated circuit (IC): microprocessor (MCU), digital signal processor (DSP), operational amplifier (Op-Amp), etc., which are widely used in complex control and signal processing tasks.

　　Diode: including standard diode, light emitting diode (LED) and Schmidt trigger, etc., used for rectification, protection and signal indication.

　　2. Passive components

　　Passive components are used to store, release or consume electric energy, including:

　　Resistor: an element used to control current and voltage division, which is divided into fixed resistance and variable resistance (such as potentiometer).

　　Capacitor: energy storage element, including ceramic capacitor, electrolytic capacitor and metal film capacitor, used for filtering, coupling and vibration suppression.

　　Inductor: Components used to store magnetic energy, such as wound inductance and core inductance, are usually used in filtering and oscillation circuits.

　　3. Connectors and switches

　　Connectors and switches are used for the connection and control of circuits. Common ones are:

　　Connectors: plugs, sockets, pins, buses and terminal blocks, etc., which help to connect different circuits.

　　Switch: including button switch, toggle switch and rotary switch, allowing users to manually control the switch state of the circuit.

　　4. Sensors and actuators

　　These elements are used to convert physical quantities into electrical signals or perform physical actions:

　　Sensors: such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors and optical sensors, which convert environmental information into electrical signals.

　　Actuator: such as relay and solenoid valve, used to control the start and stop of other circuits or equipment.

　　5. Signal processing and interference suppression elements

　　In order to improve the circuit performance and stability, the following components are used:

　　Filters: including RC filters and LC filters, used to remove unnecessary signal clutter.

　　Regulators: such as linear regulators and switching regulators, are used to keep the power supply voltage stable and ensure the continuous normal operation of the circuit.

　　Circuit protection components: such as transient voltage suppressor, fuse and thermal protector, to prevent damage caused by overload or short circuit.

　　In the petroleum and chemical industries, eyewash stations are an indispensable safety device. With a variety of eyewash categories available, it¨s crucial to select the appropriate model based on the specific work environment. Different work settings call for different types of eyewash stations. So, where is a wall-mounted eyewash station best suited?Since then, more and more people have found that Eyewash Station The value of, thus affecting the choice of many people. https://www.bohuasafety.com/

　　Wall-mounted eyewash stations are part of the free eyewash system and do not include a shower system. They are convenient to use and provide a dedicated eyewash facility without the need for a separate showerhead.

　　These stations, featuring only an eyewash system, allow for the rinsing of the face, eyes, and neck. They can be directly mounted on the walls at the workplace and require a stable water source connection to maintain a consistent water flow. They are primarily used in industries such as petroleum, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and electronics. Each eyewash station model is tailored to fit different work environments.

　　Portable eyewash stations are ideal for locations without a fixed water source or where the workplace is not stationary. In cold regions, anti-freeze eyewash stations can be installed to prevent the water in the pipes from freezing.

　　Shanghai Bohua, a manufacturer of eyewash stations, produces over a dozen types of eyewash stations. Our professional technical engineers can customize them according to the on-site environment. We strictly adhere to American standards in production, ensuring professional quality and excellent after-sales service, which has earned us consistent praise from our clients.

　　If you would like to learn more about Bohua¨s eyewash station products, please don¨t hesitate to call or reach out anytime.

　　In the field of electronic engineering, symbols and letters of various electronic components represent different functions and characteristics. Knowing these symbols not only helps us to read the circuit diagram, but also helps us to better understand the working principle of electronic circuits. The following are the letters and symbols of some common electronic components.fromSTMicroelectronicsFrom the reference value, it can also bring a lot of inspiration to other industries. https://www.asourcingelectronics.com/product/detail/store/6152356/stm32f723iek6.html

　　1. resistor (r)

　　Symbol: Generally, it is represented by a zigzag or rectangular shape with “R” next to it.

　　Note: The main function of resistor is to limit the current flow and protect other components from excessive current. The unit of resistance is ohm (ω).

　　2. Capacitor (c)

　　Symbol: usually represented by two parallel vertical lines, and a curved line (representing electrolytic capacitance) can be added in the middle.

　　Description: Capacitors are used to store charge, which affects the frequency characteristics and signal filtering in the circuit. The unit is Farah (F).

　　3. Inductor (L)

　　Symbol: It is represented by a wavy line with “L” next to it.

　　Description: Inductor can store magnetic energy and make current change to generate electromotive force. The unit is Henry (h).

　　4. diode (d)

　　Symbol: It is represented by a triangle (indicating forward conduction) followed by a vertical line.

　　Description: Diodes allow current to flow in one direction and suppress reverse current. They are often used in rectifier circuits.

　　5. transistor (q)

　　Symbol: There are two common structures, NPN and PNP, which are represented by three lines with arrows respectively.

　　Description: Transistors are used as switches and amplifiers, and are widely used in various electronic circuits, such as signal amplification and switch control.

　　6. switch (s)

　　Symbol: connect two points with a line, indicating the switching of open and closed state.

　　Description: The switch is used to control the on-off of the circuit and is the most basic circuit control element.

　　7. Integrated circuit (IC)

　　Symbol: It is represented by a rectangle with multiple pins inside.

　　Description: Integrated circuit is a kind of integration of multiple electronic components on one chip, which is often used in digital circuits and analog circuits.

　　8. relay (RY)

　　Symbol: usually represented by a rectangular frame with coils and contacts.

　　Description: relay is used to control the switch of circuit through electromagnetic force, and is widely used in automatic control system.

　　9. Transformer (T)

　　Symbol: Use two circles or boxes, which are connected by lines respectively.

　　Description: Transformer is used for voltage up-and-down conversion, which is commonly used in power supply circuits.

　　10. Sensor (SENS)

　　Symbol: usually indicated by an arrow pointing to a sensing area.

　　Description: Sensors are used to detect physical quantities and convert them into electrical signals, which are widely used, from temperature sensors to optical sensors.

　　Knowing the letters and symbols of these common electronic components is very helpful for further study of electronic circuit design and analysis. In practical application, engineers often use these symbols to draw circuit diagrams, thus facilitating communication and understanding.