Yearly Archives: 2025

　　oneIt is reported that, Resin anchorage agent The data performance is getting better and better, which is of great reference value and is likely to become the vane of the industry. https://www.chinatianlong.com/

　　

　　Classification of fasteners and related accessories

　　

　　1. Fasteners:

　　

　　Bolts, studs, nuts, screws, washers, wood screws, tapping screws, pins, rivets, retaining rings, assemblies and connecting pairs, welding nails, innovative and non-standard products;

　　

　　2. Equipment:

　　

　　Molding equipment: cold heading machine, cold extrusion molding machine, heading machine, nailing machine, etc.

　　

　　Thread forming equipment: thread rolling machine, thread rolling machine, tapping machine, etc.

　　

　　Heat treatment equipment: industrial furnace, tempering line, high and medium frequency induction heating equipment, material annealing furnace, etc.

　　

　　Surface treatment equipment: phosphating line, oxidation line, zinc plating line, dacromet production line, etc.

　　

　　Auxiliary equipment: grinding machine, slotting machine, vibrating plate, marking machine, etc.

　　

　　Testing equipment and devices: hardness tester, material tension and compression tester, microscope, etc.

　　

　　3, tooling:

　　

　　Bolt forming die: including cutting die, upper die (pre-die, fine die, trimming die, etc.) and lower die (cold upsetting die, reducing die, ejector pin, etc.)

　　

　　Nut forming die: including cutting die, punch, punch, hole die, forming die, thimble, etc.

　　

　　Thread forming tools: thread rollers, thread washboards, taps, etc.

　　

　　4, surface treatment:

　　

　　Surface treatment process: electroplating, blackening, heat treatment, hot dip zinc, phosphating, mechanical plating and dacromet.

　　

　　Auxiliary materials: brightener, cleaning agent, antirust agent and degreasing agent.

　　

　　5. Raw materials:

　　

　　Medium carbon steel, low carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel (including wire, bar, plate, pipe, etc.)

　　

　　2

　　

　　The meaning of bolt performance grade

　　

　　The performance grades of bolts used for steel structure connection are divided into more than 10 grades, such as 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9 and 12.9. Among them, bolts of grade 8.8 and above are made of low-carbon alloy steel or medium-carbon steel and are heat-treated (quenched and tempered), which are generally called high-strength bolts, and the rest are generally called ordinary bolts.

　　

　　The bolt performance grade label consists of two parts of numbers, which respectively represent the nominal tensile strength value and yield ratio value of the bolt material. For example, a bolt with performance grade 4.6 means:

　　

　　1. The nominal tensile strength of bolt material reaches 400MPa;

　　

　　2. The yield ratio of bolt material is 0.6;

　　

　　3. The nominal yield strength of the bolt material reaches 400X0.6=240MPa, and the performance grade is 10.9. After heat treatment, the material can reach:

　　

　　1. The nominal tensile strength of bolt material reaches 1000MPa;

　　

　　2. The yield ratio of bolt material is 0.9;

　　

　　3. The nominal yield strength of bolt material reaches 1000X0.9=900MPa.

　　

　　The meaning of bolt performance grade is an international standard. Bolts with the same performance grade have the same performance regardless of the difference of material and origin, so only performance grade can be selected in design.

　　

　　The so-called 8.8 and 10.9 strength grades mean that the shear stress grades of bolts are 8.8GPa and 10.9Gpa.

　　

　　8.8 Nominal tensile strength 800N/MM2 Nominal yield strength 640N/MM2.

　　

　　Generally, the strength of bolts is expressed by “X.Y”.

　　

　　X*100= tensile strength of this bolt,

　　

　　X*100* (Y/10 )= yield strength of this bolt.

　　

　　(Because according to the marking: yield strength/tensile strength =Y/10)

　　

　　Such as 4.8.

　　

　　Then the bolt’s

　　

　　The tensile strength is 400MPa.

　　

　　The yield strength is: 400*8/10=320MPa. In addition, stainless steel bolts are usually marked as A4-70 and A2-70, and the meaning is otherwise explained.

　　

　　three

　　

　　magnanimity; tolerance

　　

　　There are mainly two types of length measurement units in the world today. One is metric, with the measurement units of meters (m), centimeters (cm) and millimeters (mm), which are widely used in Europe, China and Japan, and the other is English, with the measurement unit of inch, which is equivalent to the old city inch in China, and is widely used in the United States, Britain and other European and American countries.

　　

　　1. Metric measurement: (decimal system)

　　

　　1m =100 cm=1000 mm

　　

　　2. English measurement: (octal)

　　

　　1 inch =8 minutes 1 inch =25.4 mm3/8 00×25.4 =9.52

　　

　　3, 1/4 0 of the following products use serial numbers to indicate their address diameter, such as:

　　

　　4#5#6#7#8# 10# 12#

　　

　　four

　　

　　screw thread

　　

　　1. Thread is a shape with uniform spiral protrusions on the cross section of solid outer surface or inner surface. According to its structural characteristics and uses, it can be divided into three categories:

　　

　　(1) Ordinary thread: the tooth shape is triangular, which is used to connect or fasten parts. Ordinary threads are divided into coarse thread and fine thread according to pitch, and the connection strength of fine thread is higher.

　　

　　(2) Transmission thread: the tooth shapes include trapezoid, rectangle, saw and triangle.

　　

　　(3) Sealing thread: used for sealing connection, mainly including pipe thread, taper thread and taper pipe thread.

　　

　　Second, the thread matching grade:

　　

　　Thread fit is the size of looseness or tightness between screwed threads, and the level of fit is the prescribed combination of deviation and tolerance acting on internal and external threads.

　　

　　(1) For unified English thread, there are three thread grades for external thread: 1A, 2A and 3A, and three grades for internal thread:

　　

　　1B, 2B and 3B, all of which are clearance fit. The higher the grade number, the tighter the fit. In English thread, the deviation is only specified as Grade 1A and Grade 2A, the deviation of Grade 3A is zero, and the grade deviation of Grade 1A and Grade 2A is equal.

　　

　　The greater the number of grades, the smaller the tolerance.

　　

　　Classes 1, 1A and 1B, very loose tolerance classes, which are suitable for tolerance fit of internal and external threads.

　　

　　Grade 2, 2A and 2B are the most common thread tolerance grades specified by English series mechanical fasteners.

　　

　　Grade 3, 3A and 3B, which are screwed to form the tightest fit, are suitable for fasteners with tight tolerances and are used for the key design of safety.

　　

　　4. For external threads, there is a fit tolerance for Grade 1A and 2A, but not for Grade 3A. The tolerance of Class 1A is 50% greater than that of Class 2A and 75% greater than that of Class 3A. For internal threads, the tolerance of Class 2B is 30% greater than that of Class 2A. Class 1B is 50% larger than class 2B and 75% larger than class 3B.

　　

　　(2) Metric thread. There are three thread grades for external thread: 4h, 6 H and 6g, and three thread grades for internal thread: 5H, 6h and 7H. (The thread accuracy grade of Japanese standard is divided into I, II and III, which is usually Grade II) In metric thread, the basic deviation between H and H is zero. The basic deviation of G is positive, and the basic deviations of E, F and G are negative. As shown in the figure:

　　

　　1. H is the commonly used tolerance zone position of internal thread, which is generally not used as surface coating or extremely thin phosphating layer. The basic deviation of G position is used in special occasions, such as thick coating, which is rarely used in general.

　　

　　2. G is commonly used to plate a thin coating of 6-9um. For example, the bolt required by the product drawing is 6h, and the thread before plating is 6g tolerance zone.

　　

　　3. It is best to combine the thread fit into H/g, H/h or G/H. For refined fastener threads such as bolts and nuts, the standard recommends 6H/6g fit.

　　

　　(3), thread marking

　　

　　Three, the main geometric parameters of self-tapping and self-drilling thread:

　　

　　(1) The major diameter/tooth outer diameter (d1) is the imaginary cylinder diameter with overlapping thread crests. The major diameter of the thread basically represents the nominal diameter of the thread size.

　　

　　(2) Small diameter/root diameter (d2): it is the imaginary cylinder diameter with overlapping thread roots.

　　

　　(3) Pitch (P): refers to the axial distance between adjacent teeth corresponding to two points on the meridian. Pitch is expressed by the number of teeth per inch (25.4mm) in the British system.

　　

　　Previously, many research institutions believed that 2023 would be “the first year of mass production of sodium batteries”, and even thought that sodium batteries were “the replacement of lithium batteries” and would gradually replace lithium batteries.In addition to these aspects, coin cell crimping machine:10 The performance in other aspects is also relatively good, which has attracted everyone’s attention and research. https://www.canrud.com/products/detail/4d67abcef3cd4d19ab3e92ea06725fe3

　　

　　Until March 2023, the concept of “lithium battery” was still hot.

　　

　　The capital market is also very concerned about sodium batteries. Statistics show that in the past 2022, a total of 13 stocks in the sodium battery sector rose positively, of which 7 stocks rose more than 20%. In the second half of 2022, from June 23rd to December 5th, sodium battery technology rose from 12 yuan to 54 yuan, with an increase of 350%.

　　

　　Now, more than half of 2023 has passed, and the statement of “the first year of mass production of sodium batteries” seems to be inaccurate.

　　

　　At present, there are not many models of sodium batteries on the bus. According to the 372nd batch of Announcement of Road Motor Vehicle Manufacturers and Products issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology recently, Chery NEQ7000BEVJH11L pure electric vehicle and jiangling motors Yuchi JX7001ESMBEV pure electric vehicle will be equipped with sodium batteries, but both of them are mini-cars. To this end, the Securities Daily issued a document saying that the “sodium battery car” may only “focus on mini-cars” in the future.

　　

　　People in the industry have questioned the statement that sodium battery is “lithium battery replacement”. The Economic Daily published a commentary that sodium batteries still need to find suitable application scenarios in terms of applications. At present, it seems that sodium batteries may not be able to replace lithium batteries.

　　

　　The share price of Chuanyi Technology has also been a bear in the past six months. As of June 21, 2023, its share price was 24.8 yuan, which has been halved compared with the historical high of 54.44 yuan on December 5, 2022.

　　

　　Since the beginning of this year, the screenshot of Chuanyi Technology’s “falling endlessly” has been snowballed.

　　

　　However, this does not mean that the development of sodium batteries has “died down”. For example, Tang Kun, founder and executive chairman of Zhongke Haina, said: “China’s electric vehicles are developing rapidly, but 80% of lithium needs to be imported, and we are still subject to people. This is the logic that sodium batteries came into being.” Compared with the shortage of lithium resources, China’s sodium resources are very rich and need not be controlled by people.

　　

　　In addition to “getting on the bus”, sodium batteries also have an important application scenario-energy storage.

　　

　　In January, 2023, Zhang Yongwei, Vice Chairman and Secretary General of China Electric Vehicle committee of 100, said that the development of energy storage may lead to the explosive growth of the long-awaited sodium battery in the industry, and it is necessary to speed up the scale test and demonstration of the sodium battery. He predicted that in 2023, sodium batteries will initially form industrialization.

　　

　　At present, it seems that this prediction is the most appropriate. Although sodium batteries are not mass-produced, they are “initially industrialized”. Recently, Paineng Technology, Pulit, Tianneng, Penghui Energy, Xinwangda, Funeng Technology, Betray, etc. have all continued to increase the sodium battery track; Enterprises such as Jiangling Group, Xingheng Power Supply and Yadea Science and Technology, including Chuanyi Technology, have also announced a clearer timetable for the industrialization of sodium batteries. As for the problem of “getting on the bus” of sodium batteries, battery giants Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited and BYD are adopting the method of mixing with lithium batteries to speed up the pace of “getting on the bus”.

　　

　　Then, what are the difficulties in the industrialization of sodium batteries and how to solve them? What is the trend of sodium battery industrialization, and what business opportunities are there?

　　

　　Previously, the research report “2022 Innovation Drives a New Generation of Battery Prosperity” (hereinafter referred to as the “research report”), which was co-operated by Chebai Think Tank and CICC Capital, has conducted a detailed and rational in-depth analysis of sodium battery industrialization.

　　

　　According to the research report, sodium batteries will become an important supplement to lithium batteries. Relieving the supply of upstream resources and being compatible with lithium batteries are the main driving forces for the industrial development of sodium batteries. At present, sodium battery is in the early stage of industrialization, and China’s technical research is in the forefront of the world. Sodium batteries are expected to have advantages in energy storage, low-speed vehicles and other fields in the future, and will gradually move towards the automotive field as the technology matures. Improving energy density, improving cycle characteristics, perfecting industrial chain and further reducing costs are the key points of industry development in the next stage.

　　

　　Driving force of sodium battery industrialization

　　

　　In the 1970s, people began to develop sodium batteries. In 2011, Faradion, the first British company focusing on the industrialization of sodium batteries, was established. Since then, the research on sodium batteries has ushered in an all-round growth. By the middle of 2021, more than 20 enterprises at home and abroad have industrialized the layout of sodium batteries. China is in a leading position in the research and industrialization of sodium electricity technology.

　　

　　According to the research report, the driving force to strengthen the industrialization of sodium batteries mainly comes from two points: first, the development of sodium batteries can partially alleviate the external dependence of upstream resources of China’s lithium battery industry; second, sodium batteries are an important supplement to lithium batteries in terms of low-temperature performance, fast charging and environmental adaptability.

　　

　　Specifically, China’s sodium resources are abundant and have obvious advantages over lithium resources. At present, the proven reserves of lithium resources in the world are about 86 million tons, but they are unevenly distributed, mainly in South America and Australia. China’s lithium resources account for about 5.9% of the world’s total, with salt lake brine as the main resource, and high-quality hard rock lithium ore is relatively scarce. As a result, China’s lithium resources are highly dependent on foreign countries. It is estimated that in 2020, about 74% of China’s lithium supply raw materials will be imported from Australia. Considering the safety of raw material supply, battery enterprises are motivated to find alternatives to lithium resources. Compared with lithium resources, the crustal abundance of sodium resources is 2.75% (the abundance of lithium resources is only 0.006%), and the resources in the world are scattered, and they are widely distributed in ores, salt lakes and seawater. With the development of sodium battery industrialization in the future, it will be able to alleviate the shortage of lithium battery upstream resources to some extent.

　　

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[Houthi militants release attack video” target=_blank>

On July 16, local time, the Houthi armed forces in Yemen released a video of the organization attacking the Red Sea sailing ship Chios Lion (CL).

The Houthi armed forces issued a statement saying that the ship violated the Houthi ban and headed for an Israeli port, so it was attacked by the Houthi armed forces on the 15th.

After the attack, the U.S. Central Command said no casualties were caused.

The Houthi armed forces said they would continue to attack ships related to or bound for Israel until Israel stops attacks on the Gaza Strip and lifts the blockade.

On July 15, local time, Yahya Sareya, military spokesman for the Houthi armed forces in Yemen, issued a statement saying that the armed forces attacked three ships that day, the ships BI and CL on the Red Sea, and the ship O sailing on the Mediterranean Sea.

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According to a report by the Tass news agency on July 17, Alexei Polisyuk, Director of the Second Department of CIS Affairs of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, told the Tass news agency that the United States has authorized Ukraine President Zelensky to launch a new strike on Russian territory.

Polisiuk pointed out: Washington is still fueling the escalation of the situation. They tried to justify their crimes while defending Kiev. Not only that, the Zelensky regime was also granted full powers to use American weapons to carry out new strikes on Russian territory.

He emphasized that the United States is still indulging in the dream of its own superior position, hoping that if Russia suffers strategic failure, it can safely hide across the ocean. He warned: Few among the American elite are aware of the risks of such arrogant and underestimating opponents ‘self-deception. For the United States and the world, the consequences may be unpredictable.

Polisiuk emphasized that behind the missile attack on Sevastopol, there was no doubt that U.S. military experts were providing various support services. They used the Pentagon’s drones circling over the area to target targets. (Russia) has made the most solemn representations to the U.S. ambassador to Moscow and the U.S. authorities in this regard, sending the clearest signal that terrorist attacks will lead to inevitable retaliation. As for the safety of the Crimean Peninsula and local residents, this is an absolute priority, and (Russia) is doing its best to provide reliable security. (Compiled by Tong Shiqun)

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Sydney, March 11 (Reporters Liang Youchang and Wang Qi) Chinese Ambassador to Australia Xiao Qian said on the 11th that the current world’s major changes unseen in a century are accelerating and many challenges are emerging one after another. China-Australia cooperation is not only in line with the common interests of the two countries, but also conducive to peace, stability and prosperity in the region and even the world.

Xiao Qian delivered a speech when attending the 2024 Australia Financial Review Business Summit in Sydney that day, saying that China and Australia are both important countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The economic structures of the two countries are highly complementary and pragmatic cooperation is mutually beneficial and win-win. To achieve this goal, it is crucial to establish a correct understanding of each other, deepen practical cooperation, and properly handle differences.

Xiao Qian said that this year marks the 10th anniversary of the establishment of a comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Australia. The so-called comprehensive means that China-Australia relations are not just cooperation in the economic and trade fields, but cooperation in any potential field and level. The so-called strategy means that the importance of bilateral relations transcends bilateral relations and has regional and even global significance. The so-called partner means that China and Australia should become mutually trusting friends rather than enemies, partners rather than opponents.

Xiao Qian said that practical cooperation between China and Australia is very important to both countries. The two sides should continue to consolidate and deepen cooperation in traditional fields such as energy, mining, agriculture, education, and tourism, and expand cooperation in emerging fields such as climate change, electric vehicles, artificial intelligence, health industry, green economy, digital economy, and technological innovation. These will help China and Australia open a new chapter of broader and mutually beneficial cooperation on the basis of continuously consolidating cooperation in existing fields.

Xiao Qian pointed out that both sides should focus on the overall situation, focus on consensus, respect each other’s core interests and major concerns, and manage differences in a proper, mature and intelligent way through friendly communication and consultation.

The 2024 Australia Financial Review Business Summit will be held in Sydney from March 11 to 12. Government officials such as Australia Foreign Minister Wong Ying-hsien, Treasury Secretary Chalmers, as well as opposition leader Dutton, local business executives, experts and scholars attended the meeting to analyze and study the international situation, focus on Australia’s future development, and explore cooperative measures to respond to challenges.

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Rio de Janeiro, March 12 (Reporter Zhao Yan) The Brazilian Federal Senate announced at a plenary session on the 12th the establishment of a parliamentary investigation committee to investigate cases of fixing football match results, hoping to severely punish match-fixing.

This committee consists of 11 members, appointed by representatives from all parties in Parliament. According to a report by Brazil’s “Sao Paulo” on March 4, of the approximately 9000 Brazilian football matches monitored by sports betting radar in 2023, 109 (approximately 121% of the total) were suspected of playing match-fixing, ranking first in the world.

On the 11th of this month, the Prosecutor’s Office of the Federal District of Brasilia issued a search and arrest warrant against two Santa Maria players, accusing them of directly participating in match-fixing in two games in the state league. Evidence collected by the investigation showed that the two men used methods including deliberately being awarded penalty kicks, deliberately marking errors, and even making an own goal to make the team lose the game.

In December last year, the Brazilian Congress passed the online sports betting bill, which officially came into effect after being approved by President Lula. At the end of January this year, the federal government established a Bonuses and Gaming Secretariat, which is responsible for regulating and supervising the sports betting and online gambling industries.

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According to CNN, the Islamic State claimed responsibility for the 22nd concert hall attack in Moscow.

The Russian Federation Security Service said on March 22 local time that a shooting incident at a concert hall in the suburbs of Moscow had killed 40 people.

CCTV quoted Russian Health Minister Murashko as saying on the 23rd that the terrorist attacks have injured at least 145 people, including 60 adults and 1 child in serious condition.

CNN said media affiliated with the extremist organization Islamic State issued a statement on social media claiming that the organization was responsible for the attack, but did not provide relevant evidence.

Russian media reported that the audience had already taken their seats before the start of a concert at the Crocus City Hall (CCH) Concert Hall in Krasnogorsk that night. Suddenly several unidentified people broke into the concert hall and opened fire. The concert hall then exploded and burst into flames and emitted smoke, and the roof was almost swallowed up by the fire. After the incident, people fled the concert hall.

The Russian Foreign Ministry called the shooting and bombing a bloody terrorist attack. The Russian Federal Security Service said law enforcement agencies are taking all necessary measures. In addition, Moscow airports have increased their security alert levels.

Moscow Mayor Sobyanin ordered all necessary assistance to be provided to all injured in the emergency and announced the cancellation of all sports, cultural and other mass events held in Moscow this weekend.

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United Nations, March 12: Geng Shuang, China’s Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations, spoke at a public meeting of the Security Council on cooperation between the United Nations and the EU on the 12th, urging the EU to adhere to the concept of common security.

He said that China supports cooperation between the United Nations and the European Union in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter to make greater contributions to maintaining international peace and security, enhancing the well-being of all mankind, and responding to global challenges. Relevant cooperation should follow the following principles: First, practice true multilateralism. The EU should take the lead in safeguarding the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, abide by international law and recognized basic norms of international relations, defend the multilateral system with the United Nations at its core, and promote the unity and progress of all countries under the banner of multilateralism. The second is to adhere to the concept of common security. Security is indivisible. The security of one country cannot be at the expense of the security of other countries. Regional security cannot be guaranteed by strengthening or even expanding military blocs. The legitimate security concerns of all countries should be taken seriously and properly resolved. The EU should work with the United Nations to persist in promoting political solutions to relevant hot issues and resolving conflicts and disputes through peaceful means. The third is to create a common future for mankind. The EU should work with other United Nations Member States to promote this year’s United Nations Future Summit to build consensus, be action-oriented, and send a positive signal to the outside world to open up new prospects for mankind.

He said that the Ukraine crisis is a huge challenge to European security, and the final resolution of the crisis needs to rely on dialogue and negotiation. As an important stakeholder, the EU should be more committed to promoting political solutions, creating good conditions, and building a balanced, effective and sustainable European security architecture. The conflict in Gaza continues and unprecedented humanitarian disasters are still intensifying. China hopes that the EU will make greater contributions to promoting an immediate ceasefire, expanding humanitarian assistance, implementing the two-state solution, and achieving lasting peace in the Middle East. The challenges facing Africa in achieving peaceful development have increased significantly. China expects the EU to shoulder greater responsibilities and support African countries in strengthening capacity building, better responding to risks and challenges, and achieving sustainable development.

He said that China has always attached great importance to developing relations with the EU and is willing to deepen cooperation with the EU in multilateral fields and make unremitting efforts to safeguard world peace, promote common development, and strengthen global governance.

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CCTV reporters learned that on July 15, local time, former U.S. President Trump announced at the Republican National Convention in Milwaukee, Wisconsin that Ohio Senator James David Vance (JDV) would serve as his vice presidential candidate. Participate in the 2024 presidential election.

James David Vance was born on August 2, 1984 in Middletown, Ohio. He served in the U.S. Marine Corps, is a writer and venture capitalist, and was elected to the Republican U.S. Senate in 2022. (CCTV reporter Liu Xiaoqian)

Related reports:

The US Republican Party officially nominated Trump as its presidential candidate

On July 15, local time, at the Republican National Convention of the United States in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a Republican representative announced that Trump would participate in this year’s U.S. presidential election as the Republican presidential candidate.

Subsequently, at the Republican National Convention, former U.S. President Trump received enough Republican delegate votes and was officially nominated as the party’s presidential candidate in the 2024 general election. (General reporter Liu Xiaoqian)

　　First, look at the symbol mark. Generally, the symbol of the diode is marked on the surface of the Schottky diode, with the positive electrode indicated by the triangular arrow symbol and the other end as the negative electrode.With the upsurge of industry development, Integrated Circuits (ICs) The expressive force in the market has also been very good, bringing many brand-new high-quality experiences to users. https://www.xinyun-ic.com/

　　

　　

　　

　　Second, check the color point of the component, mark a colored ring or line on the diode body, and the marked end is the negative electrode. On the shell of the point contact Schottky diode, there are generally polar color points (white or red). One end of the common colored dot is the positive electrode.

　　

　　

　　

　　Third, to be on the safe side, you can also use a multimeter to measure the positive and negative poles: when using a digital multimeter to measure the diode, use a multimeter to measure the red and black probes of the resistance file (generally X100 or X1K) to connect the diode poles respectively, and the primary resistance will be very small, and conversely, the resistance will be very large. When the resistance is very small, the red stylus is connected to the positive electrode.