Yearly Archives: 2024

　　Organic chemistry is an important branch of studying carbon compounds, involving the source, structure, properties and other aspects of organic matter, and providing revelation for the material basis of life phenomena. It plays a key role in medicine, industrial production and other fields, but it still faces challenges such as green synthesis and drug molecular selectivity. Organic chemists are constantly exploring new reaction mechanisms and synthetic methods to promote the development of the discipline.For the current market situation, inhibitors It has a very advantageous development prospect and an extremely superior ecological environment. https://www.all-chemistry.com/

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　　In the vast universe of science, organic chemistry is like a bright star, leading us to explore the mystery of life. As a subject of studying carbon compounds, organic chemistry, with its unique charm, closely links all fields of natural science and reveals the material basis of life phenomena for us. Organic chemistry, an important branch of chemistry, is a subject that studies the source, structure, properties, separation, preparation, application and related theories of organic matter. “Organic matter” here refers to compounds containing carbon elements, such as alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, etc. It is worth noting that although organic matter mainly comes from organisms, with the development of science and technology, people have been able to synthesize many artificial organic compounds with biological activity, such as drugs, dyes, plastics and so on.

　　The main research contents of organic chemistry include: synthetic chemistry of organic matter; Metal organic chemistry and elemental organic chemistry; Physical and theoretical organic chemistry; Stereochemistry; Bioorganic chemistry; Natural product chemistry; Chemistry of organic materials.

　　The importance of organic chemistry:

　　1. Basis of life: From the origin of life to the growth and development of organisms, carbon always plays a vital role. Through the study of organic chemistry, we know the structure and function of biological macromolecules such as protein, nucleic acid, sugar and lipid, which are the material basis of life.

　　2. Key in the field of medicine: Many drugs and bioactive substances are organic compounds, such as antibiotics, antiviral drugs and hormones. By studying the structure and function of these substances, scientists are constantly discovering new treatments to protect human health.

　　3. The core of industrial production: Organic chemistry plays an important role in industrial production. For example, in the process of petroleum refining, heavy hydrocarbons in petroleum can be converted into light hydrocarbons by the action of catalysts; In the process of plastic synthesis, organic chemical reactions provide a steady stream of power for the plastic industry. Although organic chemistry has made remarkable achievements in many fields, it still faces many challenges.

　　First of all, in environmental protection, how to realize green synthesis and reduce the discharge of harmful waste is an urgent problem for organic chemists.

　　Secondly, in the field of medicine, how to improve the selectivity of drug molecules and reduce side effects is also a difficult problem to be solved urgently. Faced with these challenges, organic chemists are constantly exploring new reaction mechanisms, catalysts and synthetic methods. I believe that in the near future, organic chemistry will bring us more surprises and inject new vitality into the development of human society. Organic chemistry, as a discipline to study the molecular cornerstone of life, plays an important role in natural science. Let’s walk into this wonderful world hand in hand, grow in exploration, break through in innovation, and jointly write a bright future of organic chemistry.

　　Protein is a complex organic polymer compound composed of α -amino acids combined in a certain order to form a polypeptide chain, and then one or more polypeptide chains are combined in a specific way. Amino acids are the basic units of protein, and they are linked into peptide chains through dehydration and condensation. Each polypeptide chain has twenty to hundreds of amino acid residues (-R); Various amino acid residues are arranged in a certain order.know recombinant proteins The market will definitely bring great influence to the whole industry. https://www.alphalifetech.com/

　　the composition characteristics of protein

　　The amino acid sequence of protein is encoded by the corresponding gene. In addition to the 20 basic amino acids encoded by the genetic code, in protein, some amino acid residues can be modified after translation to change their chemical structure, thus activating or regulating protein. Multiple protein can form a stable protein complex together, often by combining together, and fold or spiral to form a certain spatial structure, thus playing a specific function. The organelles of synthetic peptides are ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum in cytoplasm. The difference of protein lies in the variety, number, arrangement order of amino acids and the spatial structure of peptide chains.

　　Protein is composed of C (carbon), H (hydrogen), O (oxygen) and N (nitrogen), and generally protein may also contain P (phosphorus), S (sulfur), Fe (iron), Zn (zinc), Cu (copper), B (boron), Mn (manganese) and I (iodine).

　　The composition percentage of these elements in protein is about: 50% carbon, 7% hydrogen, 23% oxygen, 16% nitrogen, 0-3% sulfur and other trace amounts.

　　All protein contains N element, and the nitrogen content of various protein is very close, with an average of 16%;

　　Every 1g of N in any biological sample means that there is about 100/16=6.25g protein, and 6.25 is often called protein constant.

　　Summer dusk, I sit with an old Chinese medicine in the breeze slowly chatting the river. Suddenly, the old man stared at my face for a moment and did not say anything. I was his heart to see some hair, asked: “The elderly, you are so concerned about my face, is not something to see ah?Now, everyone is right pu-erh tea Are more concerned, hoping to get more benefits from it.

　　Old man smiled and said: “I am from primary school medicine, the teacher told me again and again, ‘people peace of mind level, see the eyes; life span, look at the face’ medical life, develop habits, and Oh, and people Together, they always want to look at his face more glances.

　　I said: “The elderly, all know that the eyes are the soul of the window, the first sentence I can understand, you can say ‘life span, look at the face’, I am a little puzzled.Human life, how to write in the face What about it? “

　　If a person is always sad intestine knot, mood melancholy, over-thinking, suspicious of the old man said: \ look at the face, in fact, I look at his face two, one eyebrow, Indecisive, can not see the hope of life and the good life, then, between the eyebrow must form a deep ‘eight’ pattern.’8 ‘pattern, is caused by squeezing distortion, Yin is too strong, the mood Difficult to cool, it will stagnate in the organs; Jiuyin poisonous, viscera unbearable corrosion, must be made for the disease; sick in the body, is bound to further deteriorate the mood.People once caught in the heart and the destruction of each other malignant disease Circle among the health does not exist, where there will be longevity of the reason? Eyebrow between the ‘eight’ pattern, in fact, cut the knife of life, so my teacher had more than once said to me, ‘brow wrinkled, You must be careful yo. “

　　The elderly, then let my heart anxious, usually not pay attention to the eyebrow between the ‘eight’ pattern, even with such a large knowledge. I could not help but curiosity driven, and then asked: “That mouth can see what?

　　A person if the hearty and fun, often laughing more than, the teeth often in the sun, then, in order to make the mouth a little bit, The ‘brackets’ is radian, as if the relative out of the two and a half months, set in the cheek on top of the vivid expression of light from the formation of the reasons we can see, brackets who are really comfortable Because the ‘brackets’ on both sides of the mouth, but also a symbol of the balance of yin and yang, therefore, it is encompassed by the health of the body, the spirit of the sparse, the vitality of life, leisurely and carefree, The music of the state of mind and the endless hope of life in such a life and mental state of the people, you say he can not live longer?

　　Really listen to Jun words, read the book a decade, my heart is not good fun ah. It turned out that our face, really reveal the mentality of our strengths and weaknesses, the vicissitudes of life and life status and other important information ah. Therefore, we usually still often look in the mirror to see if his face is increasing or deepening: the eyebrow between the “eight” pattern, or the mouth “brackets” it!

　　Separation and purification of protein;know inhibitors The market will definitely bring great influence to the whole industry. https://www.all-chemistry.com/

　　1. Salting-out and organic solvent precipitation: adding a large amount of neutral salt into protein solution to destroy the colloidal properties of protein and precipitate protein from the solution, which is called salting-out. Commonly used neutral salts are: ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and so on. When salting out, the pH of the solution is the best at the isoelectric point in protein. Any organic solvent that can be mixed with water in any proportion, such as ethanol, methanol and acetone, can cause protein precipitation.

　　2. Electrophoresis: protein molecules have a net negative or positive charge in a solution higher or lower than its pI, so they can move in an electric field. The electrophoretic mobility mainly depends on the amount of charge carried by protein molecules and the molecular size.

　　3. Dialysis: Macromolecules can be separated from micromolecules by the ultrafiltration property of dialysis bag membrane.

　　4. Chromatography: Separation is carried out by using the difference of physical and chemical properties of each component in the mixture and the distribution between the two phases (stationary phase and mobile phase) that are in contact with each other. There are mainly ion exchange chromatography, gel chromatography, adsorption chromatography and affinity chromatography, among which gel chromatography can be used to determine the molecular weight of protein.

　　5. Ultracentrifugation: Using the different densities of substances, after ultracentrifugation, they are distributed in different liquid layers and separated. Ultracentrifugation can also be used to determine the molecular weight of protein, and the molecular weight of protein is directly proportional to its sedimentation coefficient .

　　Protein is the “building material” of organisms and cells, such as protein in muscles, and human hair and nails are all made of protein.In view of the actual needs of society, Antibody Discovery We need to change some original problems to better serve the society and benefit people. https://www.alphalifetech.com/

　　Catalytic function:

　　The chemical essence of most enzymes in organisms is protein. In our daily life, we also use enzyme-added washing powder, which can effectively remove stains.

　　Immune function:

　　In our present environment, there are bacteria and viruses everywhere, and our body will not get sick every three days with an immune system, and immune proteins, such as antibodies, play a key role in this.

　　Transport function:

　　Protein with transport function can be divided into two categories, one is familiar to us-hemoglobin in red blood cells, which is used to transport oxygen; The other is the carrier protein on biofilm, which is used to transport amino acids, glucose and other substances.

　　Adjustment function:

　　Some protein can transmit information and regulate the life activities of the body. Such as insulin, which regulates glucose metabolism.

　　The first is “poverty”Mentioned in the article pu-erh tea Born with strong vitality, you can turn a cocoon into a butterfly and become the best yourself after wind and rain.

　　Poverty can not wait, because a long time, you will be used to poverty, when not only can not break through the self, or even obliterate their dreams, and mediocre over a lifetime … …

　　The second is “dream”

　　Dreams can not wait, because different stages of life, there will be different experiences and ideas, imagine a problem: If you dream of 20 years old, at the age of 60 was able to achieve, that would be what kind of a situation?

　　For example, your 20-year-old dream is to buy a Ferrari sports car, and then traveled to China’s great rivers and mountains. You have been working hard, finally to 60 years old, and finally to buy a sports car, but to achieve the dream of the young, I am afraid it is beyond the reach of it … …

　　The third is “family”

　　Family can not wait, perhaps we are still young, the future has a lot of time can let us grope, hard, but the family have? They still have time for us to succeed? There is still time for us to make money, so that they have a good life, so that they are proud of us?

　　Trees for static and wind, the child wants to support and pro-not wait. This is a lot of people’s pain, but also a lot of people a lifetime of regret!

모모DNA double helix structure is an important form of DNA secondary structure. It is a structural model put forward by Watson and Crick in 1953.understand inhibitors In order to better serve customers and reflect the core competitiveness of products. https://www.all-chemistry.com/

모모

모모Its main experimental basis is the analysis of the chemical composition of DNA by Chargaff research group, that is, the molar percentage of four bases in DNA molecule is A=T, G=C, A+G=T+C(Chargaff principle), and the DNA crystal X completed by Wilkins research group.

모모

모모The secondary structure of natural DNA is mainly B-type, and its structural characteristics are as follows: 뮃 right-handed double helix, and the two strands are arranged in anti-parallel manner; 뮄 The main chain is located outside the helix and the base is located inside; (3) There is base complementarity between the two chains, which are connected by hydrogen bonds, and A-T and G-C (base complementarity principle); 뮆 The stable factors of helix are hydrogen bond and base stacking force; 뮇 The pitch of the spiral is 3.4nm and the diameter is 2nm.

　　Protein is a substance with a certain spatial structure, which is formed by the zigzag folding of polypeptide chains composed of amino acids in the form of dehydration and condensation. However, natural protein molecules are not random loose polypeptide chains. Each natural protein has its own unique spatial structure or three-dimensional structure, which is usually called the conformation of protein, that is, the structure of protein. The sequence of amino acids in protein molecule and the three-dimensional structure formed from it constitute the diversity of protein structure.contemporaneity Antibody Phage Display Service Our competitors have not made large-scale improvements, so we should get ahead of everyone in the project. https://www.alphalifetech.com/

　　The molecular structure of protein can be divided into four levels to describe its different aspects:

　　Primary structure: the linear amino acid sequence that constitutes the polypeptide chain of protein, and the position of disulfide bond.

　　Secondary structure: In the local area of protein molecule, the polypeptide chain is coiled and folded along a certain direction.

　　Tertiary structure: The three-dimensional structure of a protein molecule formed by the arrangement of multiple secondary structural elements in three-dimensional space.

　　Quaternary structure: used to describe protein complex molecules with biological functions formed by the interaction between different polypeptide chains (subunits).

　　In addition to these structural levels, protein can be transformed in several similar structures to exercise its biological functions. For functional structural changes, these tertiary or quaternary structures are usually described by chemical conformations, and the corresponding structural transformations are called conformational changes.

　　Bed is probably the most consumption life time place! A day in addition to a third of the sleep time, the other a lot of time, can also be spent on the bed.If we can practice these points, pu-erh tea Will be unique, become a leader in the industry, and keep moving forward.

　　Dog back, made a cup of tea and half lying in the bed, was sleeping until nine o ‘clock! Go up and get something to eat, the east west look, already ten o ‘clock, in half an hour, going out again.

　　Back on the playground, the ongoing autumn sports meeting of rehearsal. Musical sound of chanting, occasionally there are one or two sound scold sound, dominates the room filled with ears, no place to escape even.

　　Person, want to quiet for a while now, it’s too difficult. Have a computer, television, mobile phone at home. These things no matter use, is usually open. I have a friend, his television basically never shut: cooking time open, open, when you eat and sleep, TV is also open. Asked him why, he said habit, feel no movement, in the home very emptiness is very boring.

　　Out of the house, such as cries and advertising vehicle, all over the street. Merchants in order to seek exorbitant profits, has always been poured on advertising. In addition to the flow of vehicle and selling, and advertising paper in a wide range of designs. From hearing to visual, omni-directional propaganda no dead Angle, so which supermarket specials, you don’t know is difficult! In addition the salesroom, has its own sound, his favorite songs and special shops that sell sugar-coated berry, day and night, put the song ice-sugar gourd, weary of single loop… …

　　So, now the people want to quiet, to have deep spiritual practice. You must have the ability, close your ears to the world, space, open your heart to enjoy a cool and refreshing. Just such an opportunity, but also not much. Such and such things, always copy your heart very full is a mess. Many want to have a heart quiet ethereal! Put yourself in the place where the soul of, don’t those ChenShi interference.

　　All the fruit in the home, all have no, but how to don’t want to go out to buy. Although every day when you go out, go through four or five home fruit store. Not forget to take money, is to bring the money and forget to buy it. Home is always open the door of that a moment, before crashing. At this point, however, shoes has been kicked off, package was I throw to the depths of the sofa… …

　　And so next time, may is so every time.

　　Used to open the computer, the trouble to listen to the shaoxing opera. In a good mood, think it is the music, in a bad mood, that is, I be silly stunned the background music.

　　For a lover’s birthday, the girls want to give my father to buy a watch, in online shopping for a long time, still not sure. Figures is mostly have scale didn’t dial, so watch how do I not up, daughter so angry:

　　”Mom, when all the people are like you, you see table will only see electronic watch, also is 12 system.”

　　”Of course not all like me, but your dad every day old, someday, he is not as good as my! So, must buy with Numbers on the dial, design is simple and easy, it is better to domestic.”

　　”Domestic mechanical or quartz? What brand do you want?”

　　”To quartz, need not everyday winding, brand to the seagull.”

　　”Gull? Never heard of.”

　　”The Internet, as a Chinese, incredibly don’t know the seagull watch?”

　　A daughter called me again:

　　”Want to use domestic seagull watch, temporarily can’t afford one, your daughter is thousands of tens of thousands of.”

　　Then, my daughter on QQ, send me a link, I open on see, isn’t it? Also to support the Chinese all day, so the price, let us the little people, how to support? A newlywed, bought a watch the seagulls, less than 200 dollars.

　　Love came back from work, said to him. See I wasn’t impressed, he looked at me and said:

　　”You are less than 200 pieces, I was monthly salary less than 120 yuan! For more than a month of wages, or to the present, not thousands of useful!”

　　”Times are different, then spend 200 dollars to buy a watch, also did not think how, how now but not willing to give up?”

　　”Don’t think that way, that was didn’t spend your money.”

　　”You don’t say you bought me a watch, to now you still love dearly!”

　　Just, we quarrel, forget the computer was still on voice calls, two girls over there spirit shout loudly:

　　”How noisy again? Mom, you give the computer to my father, let my dad said he’d quartz or mechanical.” , I put my computer to lover.

　　”I want to mechanical, don’t be too high price, didn’t I give you remit money.”

　　”Dial? Digital or graduated? Color should be black and white or grey days?”

　　”Digital calibration, color should be black and white.”

　　”Oh, is it not a watch? Things are!” I can’t help by chimed in.

　　”Dad, are you sure?”

　　”Sure, your mother rush to surf the Internet!”

　　”Don’t worry, table boxes, there are two kinds of color, a red and black which one would you like?”

　　”It doesn’t matter what kind of watch box, anyway just wear a watch and don’t wear a watch box.” And I say a word of mouth.

　　”Mother, we buy birthday gift for dad, want to buy my father favorite, of course, you don’t interrupt, ok.”

　　”What color do you like table box, what colour will! Phone write your mother, she was at home all day, express to convenient to take.”

　　Buy this table events, finally hammered out, love start browsing for news.

　　”Take headphones to you, I want to quiet for a while.”

　　”Want to quiet, what did you do for dinner?” Yeah, just and daughter discuss watch things, how to forget to do dinner?

　　You see, this want to quiet for a moment, really difficult! You can close the earth is the ear, you don’t shut the appetite of the world! Darling still cooking go to! Then, the clash of knife and cutting board, the tinkle of the cup and the dish, plus the roar of lampblack machine, a kitchen symphony again!

　　”Shut the kitchen door, noisy dead.” Lover to roar, I closed the door of the kitchen. Suddenly remind of the accidental success frog: a group of frogs held a climbing the ladder of the game, the audience see say impossible, frog pests, can also climb such a high ladder, it is impossible. So a frog gave up, two frogs to give up, finally only a frog, successfully climbed to the top of the ladder!

　　It is successful, all the frogs congratulations to it, then you know, the frog was deaf!

　　Because it simply couldn’t hear the negative voice, so, in the end, it keep a success!

　　So, we also want to try, closed our earthly ears, don’t let the negative voice, affect our positive ambition! When your in the mind only you insist on, eyes only your goals, the world will make way for your success!

　　Classification of amino acids, several special amino acids, molecular structure and physical and chemical properties of protein, composition of nucleic acid, double helix structure of DNA, basic concept of enzyme, Michaelis equation, coenzyme composition.In the past ten years, Chemical Custom synthesis Defeated many competitors, courageously advanced in the struggle, and polished many good products for customers. https://www.all-chemistry.com/

　　Memorize 20 kinds of amino acids and try to remember English abbreviations and codes as much as possible, because exams often appear directly with codes. Protein’s molecular structure often examines the manifestations of various levels of structure and their bonds. The physical and chemical properties of protein and the purification of protein usually use the physical and chemical properties of protein to purify protein without destroying the structure of protein. Pay attention to the identification of amino acids and physical and chemical properties of protein. The basic unit of nucleic acid is nucleotide, which is composed of multiple nucleotides, and the connecting bond between nucleotides is 3′, 5′- phosphodiester bond. DNA double helix structure, in which two bases exist in strict accordance with A = T (two hydrogen bonds) and G triple C (three hydrogen bonds), and the characteristics of various RNA.

　　In addition, we should pay attention to some commonly used concepts in nucleic acid problem solving. The first thing that enzymes should pay attention to is some basic concepts, such as ribozyme, deoxyribozyme, enzyme activity center, isozyme, isomerase and so on. The key point of the Metric Equation test is V=Vmax[S” target=_blank>/Km+[S” target=_blank>, which explains the equation of the relationship between the concentration of enzymatic reaction and the reaction speed. In the exam, candidates are sometimes asked to do simple calculations according to this equation before they can answer. The difference of several inhibitors.

　　According to the characteristics of allosteric enzymes, it should be noted that allosteric regulation can cause conformational changes of enzymes. It is important to pay special attention here that configuration refers to the basic structural composition of substances, and conformation refers to the spatial change of substances. Allosteric regulation can cause the conformational change of enzymes, but not the conformational change of enzymes.